Module 1 Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Greek word of drug
A
Pharmakon
2
Q
Greek for study
A
Gnosis/gignosco
3
Q
Study of drugs from natural sources
A
Pharmacogosy
4
Q
Coined the term pharmacognosy in venia 1811
A
J.A Schimidt
5
Q
Introduced pharmacognosy in his work
A
C.A Seydler
6
Q
Written by C.A Seydler in 1815
A
Analecta Pharmacognostica
7
Q
All information on medicines from natural sources
A
Plants
Animals
Microorganisms
Inorganic sources
8
Q
Applied science that deals with living and natural things
A
Biologic
9
Q
Applied science that deals with the pharmacological actions
A
Biochemical
10
Q
Applied science that deals with where you can get it and how easy you can get it
A
Economic features of natural drugs and their constituents
11
Q
Babylonians used
A
Clay tablets
12
Q
Egyptians, discovered in the tomb of a mummy
A
Paper scrolls
13
Q
Written by J.A Schmidt
A
Lehrbuch der materia medica
14
Q
Poison that victimized Socrates
A
Coniine
15
Q
Chichirica/madagascar periwnikle (chemotherapeutic agent)
A
Catharanthus roseus
16
Q
Anti cancer drugs
A
Vincristine/vinca alkaloids
17
Q
A plant that has hallucinogenic drug with mature leaves while young leaves have non hallucinogenic
A
Marijuana
18
Q
Belief that objects, places and creatures possess a distinct spiritual essence
A
Animism
19
Q
Egyptian (1500 bc)
A
Ebers papyrus
20
Q
Father of medicine 460-377 BC
A
Hippocrates
21
Q
Wrote de materia medica
A
Dioscorides 40-80 AD
22
Q
De materia medica contains
A
600 medicinal plants
23
Q
Who developed the most comprehensive scope and idea of pharmacognosy
A
Fluckiger
24
Q
Pharmacognosy is a simultaneous application of various scientific disciplines with the object of acquiring knowledge of drugs from every point of view who quoted it?
A
Fluckiger
25
Applied pharmacognosy in biotechnology
Trease and evans
26
When was the new era of medicine?
1803
27
Isolation of morphine from opium was invented by
Friedrich serturner
28
When was strychnine discovered
1817
29
Scientific name of strychnine
Strychnos nux-vomica
30
Strychnine was invented by and what use?
Joseph caventou
Pierre joseph pelletier
Used as rodenticide
31
Year quinine is disovered
1820
32
Scientific name of quinine
Cinchona ledgeriana
33
Quinine was invented by? And its use
Friedlib ferdinand
Anti malaria
34
Caffeine was discovered when?
1820
35
Scientific of caffeine
Coffea arabica
36
Who discovered caffeine and its use
Friedlib ferdinand
CNS stimulant
37
When was nicotine discovered
1828
38
Scientific name of nicotine
Nicotiana tabacum
39
Invented nicotine
Wilhelm heinrich posselt
40
When was atropine dicovered
1833
41
Scientific name of atropine
Atropa belladonna
42
Who invented atropine and what is it used for
Rudolf broder and philipp geiger
Anti chollinergic
43
When was cocaine discovered
1855
44
Scientif name of cocaine
Erthyroxylum coca
45
Who discovered cocaine and whatare its uses
Albert nieman and a researcher of anesthetic properties of cocaine Carl koller
Stimulant, addictive alkaline
46
Cocaine was isolated by
Albert nieman
47
Broadterm referring to the study of plants by humans
Ethnobotany
48
Refers to the use of plants by humans as medicine
Ethnomedicine
49
Sum total of all non mainstream medical practices usually excluding so called western medicine
Traditional medicine
50
A book containing directions for the identificatio0n of samples and the preparation of compound medicines
Pharmacopeia
51
Active ingredients pharmacological properties constituents
USP
52
Excipients
NF
53
Study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as Drugs or new drugs
Drug biosynthesis/ biogenesis
54
Natural or Synthetic substance used in the treatment cure prevention or diagnosis of disease
Drug
55
Vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying
Crude drugs
56
Constituents that are extracted crystallized and purified for therapeutic use
Secondary plant substances
57
Induced both qualitative and quantitative changes same family same properties
Heredity
58
Commences from seeds and goes through several developmental events such as seedling maturing etc..
Ontogeny
59
Produces variations in secondary plant
Environment
60
Responsible for therapeutic effects
Active constitiuents
61
Mixtures of principles
Active constituents
62
No definite pharmacologic activity
Inert constituents
63
Inert constituents in plant s
Cellulose lignin suberin cutin starch albumin and coloring agent
64
Inert constituents in animals
Keratin chitin musclefiber conncective tissure collagen glycogen
65
Cellulose
Carbohydrate
66
Starch
Glucosan
67
Keratin
Protein
68
Glycogen
Glucosan
69
Alpha cells
Glucagon
70
Beta cells
Insulin
71
Process of separating a substance or constituent from a materix
Extraction
72
Main product of extraction is callled
Extractives
73
Solvent used for extraction
Menstruum
74
Undissolved portion of the drug that remains after the extraction proxess
MARC
75
Plants growing in their native countries
Indigenous
76
Plants grown in a foreign land or in a locality other t han their native countries
Naturalized
77
Introduced to the US from europe source of scopolamine (hyoscine)
Datura stramonium
78
Chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity use in pharmaceutical drug
Natural Product
79
Natural products can be
Entire organism
Part of an organism
Am extract or exudante of an organism
Isolated pure compounds
80
Types of drugs derived from plants
Herbal drugs
Compunds isolated from nature
Nutraceuticals or functional foods
81
T/f canola oil processed
True
82
Olive oil healthier oil t/f
True
83
Full cream non added t/f
True
84
Fortified milk has added t/f
True (iron calcium etc)
85
Preparation of crude drugs
Collection
Harvesting
Drying
Curing
Garbling
Packaging
86
Need to be done with plants that have high moisture content
Drying
87
Modified drying method
Enhance property of active constituent present
Curing
88
Final step in the preparation of a crude drug. It consists of removal of extraneous matter such as dirt
Garbling
89
Prevent quality of deteriorating
Packaging
90
Better than hand labor
Mechanical means
91
Packaging material of aloe
Goat skin
92
Packaging material of colophony
Kerosene tins
93
Packaging material of asafoetida
Well closed container
94
Packaging material of senna vinca
Pressed and baled
95
Prevent auto oxidation
Kerosene tins
96
prevents exaporation of volatile oil
Well closed container
97
Infant laxative
Senna
98
Evaluation of crude drugs
Organoleptic
Microscopic
Biologic
Chemical
Physical
99
Evaluation by means of the organs sense and includes the macroscopic appearance of the drug, its odor and taste, occasionally the sound snap of its fracture and the feel of the drug to touch,
Organoleptic
100
Assays on living animals as well as an intact or excercised organs often indicate the strength of the drug or its preparations
Biologic
101
Reactions after using reagents
Chemical
102
Specific gravity refractive index density and boiling/ freezing point
Physical
103
3 main types of biological assay methods
Toxic, symptomatic, tissue methods
104
Test animals phenol coefficient measure of bactericidal activity
Mice
105
Test animals for cardiovascular drugs
Turtles
106
Standard animal because it has simmilar features of human skin test hypoglycemic agents
Insulin
Tubocurarine
Rabbits
107
Corticotropin injection vassopresin
Rats
108
Glucagon inj
Cat
109
Oxytocin
Chicken
110
pigeon
Digoxin
111
Best method of determining the official potency
Chemical test
112
Test for anthraquinone glycosides and result
Borntragers test
Result is pink-red color in the ammoniacal (lower layer)
113
Saponin glycosides
Froth test
Honeycomb froth
114
Cardiac glycosides
Liebermann-buchard test
Green color sterol
Kedde test (nitrobenzoic acid and cardenolide and bufadienolide)
Violet hydrolysis disappearance
Keller-killiani test
Reddish brown
115
Cyanophore glycosides releases hydrocyanic acid HCN
Guignard test
-sodium picrate test
Red coloration
116
Best method of determining the official potency
Color reaction test
117
Test for cottonseed oil produces the red coloration
Halphens test
118
Test for sesame oil produces red coloration
Baudouin test
119
Test for vegetable oil
Sergers test
120
Test for olive oil
Millons test pink coloration to dark red
121
Best method of determining the official potency
Specific chemical tests
122
Ergot -LSd
Van urks rgt test
123
Tropane
-tropic acid
-atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine
Vitalis test purple coloration
124
Test for purine bases
Murexide test pink coloration
125
Test for gums
Prescence of tannins
Lead acetate test white precipitate
126
Detection of purity of crude
Analytical pharmacognosy
127
depends on the absence of foreign matter
Purity
128
Sum total of characteristics that would make up a product
Quality
129
Debasement of an article
-process of reducing the quality of the product/drug
Adulteration
130
Sub standard
Inferiority
131
Due to attack of micro organism
Spoilage
132
Impairment in quality of drugs
Deterioration
133
Addition of one article to another through ignorance
Admixture
134
Intentional or deliberate kind of adluteration
Sophistication
135
When an entirely different article is sold or used in place of one required
Substitution
136
Modified shoot meant for production of seeds
Flower
137
Clove
Flower buds
138
Outermost whorl
Generally green
Calyx
139
Second whorl
Either white or bright colored
Corolla
140
Third circle
Female part
Gynoecium
141
Fourth circle
Male part
Androecium
142
Dried bark
Cinnamon
143
Dried root bark
Sassafras
144
Flat shape bark
Quillaia arjuna
145
Curved shape bark
Wildcherry cassia
146
Recurved shaped bark
Kurohi
147
Channelled shape bark
Ashoka cinchona ledgeriana cassia
148
Quill shaped bark
Cascara cinnamon
149
Double quill shaped
Java cinnamon
150
Compound quill shaped bark
Manmade quill cinnamon
151
Bark has 3 layers t/f
True
152
Phellum outer bark
Cork
153
Phellogen produces cork cells
Cork-cambium
154
Phelloderm
Secondary corte
155
Tissues produced by cambium or inner side
Woods
