Module 1

Question 1

branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

when people started to domesticate animals and cultivate crops.

Answer 2

10,000 - 8,000 BCE

Question 3

suggested that the physical characteristics of organisms are stored in the male semen

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

proposed the Theory of Pangenesis in 1868

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

states that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules

Answer 5

Theory of Pangenesis

Question 6

Father of Modern Genetics.

Answer 6

Gregor Mendel

Question 7

what is “Pisum Sativum”

Answer 7

pea plant

Question 8

discovered chromosomes in plant cells in 1842

Answer 8

Karl Wilhelm von Nagelli

Question 9

described chromosomes using salamander in 1879.

Answer 9

Walther Fleming

Question 10

he was the first to detail the chromosomal movements in the process of mitosis

Answer 10

Walther Fleming

Question 11

identified the “nuclein” by isolating a molecule from a cell nucleus that would later become known as DNA

Answer 11

Friedrich Miescher

Question 12

coined the word “genetics” for the first time.

Answer 12

William Bateson

Question 13

who worked with william bateson to make significant findings on genetic linkage?

Answer 13

reginald punnet

Question 14

what is “Drosophila Melanogaster”

Answer 14

fruit fly

Question 15

did the same experiment as Mendel’s using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Answer 15

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 16

Elucidated the role of DNA as the mediator of heredity in their experiment on the bacterium Pneumococci

Answer 16

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

Question 17

Confirmed the Avery, et al. experiment thru their bacteriophage labelling experiments

Answer 17

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 18

who used X-ray diffraction to deduce the overall structure of DNA

Answer 18

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkens

Question 19

they proposed the double helix structure of DNA

Answer 19

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 20

what does PCR stand for

Answer 20

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 21

who developed PCR

Answer 21

Fred Sanger

Question 22

who was the first ever cloned animal from an adult somatic cell

Answer 22

Dolly the Sheep

Question 23

When was dolly the sheep born

Answer 23

1996

Question 24

when was the Drosophila genome completed

Answer 24

2000

Question 25

who was the first pet to be cloned

Answer 25

CC the cat

Question 26

when was CC the cat born

Answer 26

2001

Question 27

It is the world’s biggest biological collaborative research project that aimed to map the base pairs in the human DNA.

Answer 27

Human Genome Project

Question 28

when was the Human Genome Project completed

Answer 28

2003

Question 29

what does HGP stand for

Answer 29

Human Genome Project

Question 30

branch of genetics that studies the function of the cell, specifically chromosomes, in the process of inheritance.

Answer 30

Cytogenetics

Question 31

Refers to the routine analysis of chromosomes at the metaphase stage

Answer 31

Karyotyping

Question 32

What are the 2 stains in karyotyping mentioned in the module

Answer 32

Giemsa and Lieshman

Question 33

what are the nucleotid basis in G-bands

Answer 33

Adenine and Thymine

Question 34

what are the transverse bands in chromosomes

Answer 34

G-bands

Question 35

also known as ideogram

Answer 35

karyogram

Question 36

what does FISH stand for

Answer 36

Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Question 37

Uses fluorescent probes that attaches to specific areas in the chromosome

Answer 37

FISH

Question 38

Used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences

Answer 38

FISH

Question 39

remains the gold standard in determining any abnormalities in the fetus

Answer 39

cytogenetics

Question 40

Makes use of a DNA microarray or DNA chip which is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

Answer 40

DNA microarray analysis

Question 41

For diagnosis of heritable germline genetic abnormalities in children, adults, pregnancy, and fetal loss

Answer 41

Constitutional Cytogenetics

Question 42

what tissue is studied in constitutional cytogenetics in adolescent, adult sexual development and fertility

Answer 42

peripheral blood

Question 43

what does cfDNA stand for

Answer 43

cell-free DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 44

what does AMA stand for

Answer 44

Advanced maternal age

Question 45

generally ≥ 35 yrs

Answer 45

Advanced maternal age

Question 46

what tissues are studies in Prenatal Development

Answer 46

Amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sampling, fetal tissues

Question 47

For detection of acquired or somatic genetic abnormalities for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and/or monitoring of many types of cancer, especially those of hematologic type.

Answer 47

Cancer Cytogenetics

Question 48

what tissues are studied in ares of oncology

Answer 48

Bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, solid tumor, pleural fluid, spinal fluid

Question 49

latin for pea plant

Answer 49

pisum satuvum

Question 50

latin for pea plant

Answer 50

pisum sativum

Question 51

small organic particles that aggregate in the gonads (theory of pangenesis)

Answer 51

gemmules