module 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

includes various subfields of biology including embryology, morphology, evolutionary biology, and systematics

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

combines biology, chemistry, physics, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and various sub disciplines of each field

Question 3

properties of an animal

Answer 3

eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophic, respond to external stimuli, motile, use aerobic respiration, reproduce sexually, blastula stage, homeostasis is maintained

Question 4

order of kingdom animalia

Answer 4

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 5

phylogeny

Answer 5

hypothesis depicting the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Question 6

organization of animal body

Answer 6

molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 7

4 types of tissues

Answer 7

epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Question 8

epithelial

Answer 8

exchange of materials with environment outside cell

Question 9

2 types of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

sheets and glands

Question 10

connective tissue

Answer 10

connect, support, and anchor body parts

Question 11

muscular tissue

Answer 11

contraction and force generation of organs

Question 12

nervous tissue

Answer 12

communication, coordination, and control

Question 13

epithelial tissue - sheets

Answer 13

exchange of materials with environment

Question 14

epithelial tissue - glands

Answer 14

types: exocrine and endocrine

Question 15

exocrine glands

Answer 15

secrete products through ducts to outside of the animal
examples are sweat, tears, saliva, milk etc

Question 16

endocrine glands

Answer 16

secrete products into body

Question 17

connective tissue

Answer 17

loose connective tissue, tendons, bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, blood

Question 18

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 18

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 19

skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 19

voluntary movement

Question 20

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 20

involuntary movement

Question 21

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 21

only in heart

Question 22

nervous tissue

Answer 22

brain, ganglia, nerves

Question 23

major body systems

Answer 23

endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, excretory, integumentary, nervous, reproductive

Question 24

homeostasis

Answer 24

maintenance of a stable internal environment in response to an internal or external disturbance

Question 25

how is homeostasis maintained by an animal body?

Answer 25

negative feedback and positive feedback

Question 26

negative feedback

Answer 26

attempts to reverse direction of a stimulus

Question 27

positive feedback

Answer 27

pushes the stimulus/variable even farther away from normal state

Question 28

3 components of negative feedback system

Answer 28

sensor, integrator, effector

Question 29

sensor

Answer 29

factor that detects variation in some variable, example is temp

Question 30

integrator

Answer 30

structure or factor that processes info coming from sensor, compares info to set point

Question 31

effector

Answer 31

effect or change the direction of the variable

Question 32

regulated variable

Answer 32

sensed by sensor, range in variable, variable can be brought to set point

Question 33

non regulated variable

Answer 33

no sensors exist, variable can be adjusted by some other mechanism, no set point

Question 34

adjustments to negative feedback

Answer 34

reset system, antagonistic control, behavior, anticipation or feedforward systems, acclimitization, positive feedback system

Question 35

reset system

Answer 35

adjustment to negative feedback. temporary change to set point

Question 36

antagonistic control

Answer 36

two opposing effectors attempt to control the same variable

Question 37

behavior

Answer 37

viewed as effector, corrects a disturbance

Question 38

anticipation or feedforward systems

Answer 38

body predicts an oncoming disturbance before the disturbance arrives

Question 39

acclimitization

Answer 39

temporary phenotypic change to enhance fitness or respond to environmental change

Question 40

positive feedback system

Answer 40

initial disturbance is accentuated rather than reversed, farther from set point, temporary