Module 2

Question 1

function of digestion in animals

Answer 1

so we dont starve, need fuel to make ATP

Question 2

what type of digestion do sponges use?

Answer 2

intracellular

Question 3

what type of digestion do cnidaria use?

Answer 3

extracellular

Question 4

what does intracellular digestion mean

Answer 4

all the digestion occurs in a cell

Question 5

what does extracellular digestion mean?

Answer 5

breakdown of nutrients occurs outside of the cell

Question 6

what type of digestive system does platyhelminthes have

Answer 6

incomplete digestive system because they have a mouth but no anus

Question 7

generalized digestive tract consists of

Answer 7

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine aka colon, rectum, anus

Question 8

major digestive phases

Answer 8

1. ingestion and mastication
2. conduction = muscle contraction
3. secretion
4. digestion
5. absorption
6. storage and defaction

Question 9

monosaccharides are

Answer 9

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 10

disaccharides are

Answer 10

maltose, sucrose, and lactose

Question 11

polysaccharides are

Answer 11

cellulose, amylose, and chitin

Question 12

proteins are

Answer 12

folded polypeptides

Question 13

3 types of lipids

Answer 13

phospholipids, fats, steroids

Question 14

functions of saliva

Answer 14

1. digestion
2. lubrication
3. defense
4. neutralization
5. thermoregulation
6. poison and venom production
7. anticoagulation
8. silk
9. pheromones

Question 15

hemotoxic affects what

Answer 15

blood

Question 16

neurotoxic affects what

Answer 16

nervous system

Question 17

myotoxic affects what

Answer 17

muscles

Question 18

2 stages of swallowing

Answer 18

oropharyngeal stage and esophageal stage

Question 19

bolus is

Answer 19

when food gets chewed to ball covered in saliva before swallowing

Question 20

what is peristalsis

Answer 20

wave like contraction that moves from top to bottom of esophagus

Question 21

what are sphincters

Answer 21

circular tightening that prevents backflow

Question 22

what is the crop

Answer 22

an extension of the esophagus and it is prolonged storage of food

Question 23

digestion begins where

Answer 23

the mouth

Question 24

what glands are released in mouth

Answer 24

salivary glands

Question 25

salivary glands release what enzymes

Answer 25

amylase and lipase

Question 26

the official beginning of digestion is where

Answer 26

stomach

Question 27

a vertebrate stomach can be

Answer 27

multichambered or single chambered

Question 28

fundus is

Answer 28

storage of gas, entry to stomach

Question 29

corpus is

Answer 29

body of stomach, heavy enzyme secretion

Question 30

antrum is

Answer 30

regulates expulsion of digesta into small intestine

Question 31

movement of food in stomach

Answer 31

gastric filling, gastric storage, gastric mixing, gastric empyting, borborygmi

Question 32

what is broken down in stomach

Answer 32

proteins and polypeptides

Question 33

what is needed to break stuff down in stomach

Answer 33

enzymes --> proteases

Question 34

what are the resulting mol in stomach

Answer 34

peptides--> small fragments

Question 35

cells in stomach lining

Answer 35

g cells, muscous cell, parietal cell, chief cell

Question 36

what does g cell do

Answer 36

release gastrin

Question 37

what does mucous cell do

Answer 37

secretes mucus and protects stomach lining against HCl

Question 38

what does parietal cell do

Answer 38

release HCl

Question 39

what does chief cell do

Answer 39

release pepsinogen

Question 40

subsections of small intestine

Answer 40

duodenum, jejunum, ilium

Question 41

what does duodenum do

Answer 41

responsible for absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 41

what does jejunum do

Answer 41

absorbs fatty acids, B12, and reabsorbs bile salts

Question 41

what does ilium do

Answer 41

final reabsorption

Question 42

what is broken down in small intestine

Answer 42

proteins, carbs, fats

Question 42

what is needed to break down stuff in small intestine

Answer 42

proteases for proteins, disaccharides for carbs, lipase for fats

Question 43

what are the resulting mol after being broken in small intestine

Answer 43

monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids

Question 44

major enzymes used in small intestine

Answer 44

pancreatic enzymes --> trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase, chitinase intestinal enzymes --> disaccharides, enterokinase, aminopeptidases liver --> bile salts

Question 45

large intestine is also called

Answer 45

colon

Question 46

functions of large intestine

Answer 46

1. reabsorption of water to prevent dehydration 2. fermentation

Question 47

a ruminant has what kind of stomach

Answer 47

4 chambered

Question 48

what type of ferminters are ruminants

Answer 48

foregut fermenters

Question 49

what type of fermenters are non ruminants

Answer 49

hindgut fermenters

Question 50

4 chambers of ruminant stomach

Answer 50

1. rumen 2. reticulum 3. omasum 4. abomasum