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HLTH 231 > Module 1 & 2: Accessing Your Health > Flashcards

Module 1 & 2: Accessing Your Health Flashcards

1
Q

what are the top 3 leading causes of death for all ages

A
  1. heart disease
  2. cancer
  3. chronic lower respiratory disease
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2
Q

what are the top 3 leading causes of death for ages 15-24

A
  1. accidents
  2. suicide
  3. homicide
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3
Q

what was the average life expectancy in the US in 1900 and in 2013

A
  • 1900: 47
  • 2013: 79
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4
Q

what was the leading causes of deaths in the early 1900s and what is the leading causes of death now

A
  • 1900s: infectious disease
  • now: chronic disease
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5
Q

why is life expectancy in the US lower than many other countries

A
  • reduced access to healthcare
  • poor health behaviors
  • social inequality
  • poverty
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6
Q

what are the medical costs of obesity each year in the US

A

$150 billion

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7
Q

what was the model of health used before the 20th century

A

medical model

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8
Q

define medical model of health

A
  • health focused on individual and their organs
  • cure disease through medication or surgery
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9
Q

when did the public health model start to be used

A

early 1900s

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10
Q

define public health model

A
  • populations victim of environmental factors
  • diseases and negative health events are result of interactions with social and physical environment
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11
Q

define health promotion

A
  • policies and programs that promote behaviors known to support good health
  • identify risk behaviors and enact positive behavior change
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12
Q

what are the 6 dimensions of health

A
  • physical
  • social
  • intellectual
  • emotional
  • spiritual
  • environmental
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13
Q

define determinants of health

A

range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status

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14
Q

what are the 5 determinants of health

A
  • individual behavior
  • biology and genetics
  • social factors
  • health services
  • policymaking
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15
Q

how many deaths in the US are due to modifiable determinants

A

7 out of 10

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16
Q

what four modifiable determinants are responsible for most chronic disease

A
  • lack of physical activity
  • poor nutrition
  • excessive alcohol consumption
  • tobacco use
17
Q

what is included in the social factors of determinants of health

A
  • economic factors
  • built environment
  • pollutants and infectious agents
18
Q

define health belief model

A
  • knowing disconnected from doing
  • idea that beliefs influence behavior
19
Q

according to the health belief model, what factors must support a belief before behavior change can occur

A
  • perceived seriousness
  • perceived susceptibility
  • perceived benefits
  • perceived barriers
  • cues to action
20
Q

define social cognitive model

A
  • 3 factors interact to promote change: social environment, thoughts, behaviors
21
Q

what are the steps of the transtheoretical model of behavior change

A
  • precontemplation
  • contemplation
  • preparation
  • action
  • maintenance
  • termination
22
Q

what is the four-step plan for behavior change

A
  • increase awareness
  • contemplate change by examining health habits and patterns, identifying a target behavior, assessing your motivation, and developing self-efficacy and an internal locus of control
  • prepare for change by setting goals, anticipating barriers, and signing a contract
  • take action to change
23
Q

define predisposing factors

A
  • thoughts, physical symptoms, family history, media messages
  • make it more/less likely for you to change behavior
24
Q

define enabling factors

A
  • resources, relationships
  • support or undermine your efforts to change
25
Q

define reinforcing factors

A
  • encourage you to maintain or abandon your healthful behaviors
  • praise, rewards
26
Q

define self-efficacy

A

belief that you are capable of achieving certain goals or performing at a certain level

27
Q

define internal locus of control

A

believing in having power over your own actions

28
Q

what does SMART goal stand for

A
  • specific
  • measurable
  • action oriented
  • realistic
  • time oriented
29
Q

define shaping

A

process involving taking a series of small steps towards a goal

30
Q

what are common barriers to change

A
  • overambitious goals
  • self-defeating beliefs and attitudes
  • lack of support and guidance
  • emotions that sabotage your efforts and sap your will
31
Q

define countering

A

substituting a desired behavior for an undesirable one

32
Q

define situational inducement

A

modifying antecedents that are working against you

33
Q

what are some types of positive reinforcement

A
  • consumable
  • activity
  • manipulative
  • possessional
  • social
34
Q

strategies for overcoming relaspse

A
  • figure out what went wrong
  • use countering
  • find assistance

HLTH 231 (14 decks)

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