Module 1

Question 1

What does exergonic mean

Answer 1

Delta G is negative: Free energy released, favourable, spontaneous

Question 2

What does endergonic mean

Answer 2

Delta G is positive: Free energy absorbed. Unfavourable, not spontaneous

Question 3

What does exothermic mean

Answer 3

Delta H is negative: Heat released

Question 4

What does endothermic mean

Answer 4

Delta H is positive: heat absorbed

Question 5

What does positive delta S mean

Answer 5

less disorder, low entropy, not spontaneous

Question 6

What does negative delta S mean

Answer 6

more disorder, high entropy, spontaneous

Question 7

What is the equation to find delta G

Answer 7

Delta G= Delta Gnode + RTln([C][D]/[A][B])

Question 8

What are the 3 ways to make unfavourable reaction go

Answer 8

Remove products faster than it produce, Add reactants faster than it removes, Couple unfavourable reaction with highly favourable reaction

Question 9

What is a nucleotide

Answer 9

base + sugar + phosphate

Question 10

What is nucleoside

Answer 10

base + sugar

Question 11

What are the properties that amino acid have to carry out biological functions

Answer 11

Able to polymerise, useful acid-base properties, varied physical properties, varied chemical functionality

Question 12

Alanine

Answer 12

CH3, A, Ala, nonpolar

Question 13

Cysteine

Answer 13

CH2-SH, C, Cys, polar uncharged

Question 14

Aspartate

Answer 14

CH2-COO-, D, Asp. negatively charged

Question 15

Glutamate

Answer 15

CH2-CH2-COO-, E, Glu, Negatively charged

Question 16

Phenylalanine

Answer 16

CH2-cyclic, F, Phe, Aromatic

Question 17

Gylcine

Answer 17

H, G, Gly, nonpolar

Question 18

Histidine

Answer 18

CH2-C=-CH NH-CH=N, H, His, Positively charged

Question 19

Isoleucine

Answer 19

C—H CH3 CH2-CH3, I, Ile, nonpolar

Question 20

Lysine

Answer 20

CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH3+, K, Lys, positively charged

Question 21

Leucine

Answer 21

CH2-CH–CH3 CH3, L, Leu, nonpolar

Question 22

Methionine

Answer 22

CH2-CH2-S-CH3, M, Met, nonpolar

Question 23

Asparagine

Answer 23

CH2-C-=NH2 O, N, Asn, polar uncharged

Question 24

Proline

Answer 24

CH2-CH2-CH2(connects to amine), P, Pro, nonpolar

Question 25

Glutamine

Answer 25

CH2-CH2-C-=NH2 O, Q, Gln, polar uncharged

Question 26

Arginine

Answer 26

CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C-=NH2 NH2, R, Arg, positively charged

Question 27

Serine

Answer 27

CH2OH, S, Ser, polar

Question 28

Threonine

Answer 28

C---H OH CH3, T, Thr, polar

Question 29

Valine

Answer 29

CH--CH3 CH3, V, Val, nonpolar

Question 30

Tryptophan

Answer 30

CH2-C=CH-NH-(Cyclic), W, Trp, aromatic

Question 31

Tyrosine

Answer 31

CH2-(cyclic)-OH, Y, Tyr, aromatic

Question 32

pKa of Asp/Glu

Answer 32

4.4

Question 33

pKa of C-ter

Answer 33

3.1

Question 34

pKa of N-ter

Answer 34

8.0

Question 35

pKa of His

Answer 35

7

Question 36

pKa of Cys

Answer 36

8.5

Question 37

pKa of Tyr

Answer 37

10

Question 38

pKa of Lys

Answer 38

10

Question 39

pKa of Arg

Answer 39

12

Question 40

What acts as a chelate

Answer 40

Acidic side chains

Question 41

Which 2 aa are not very chemically reactive

Answer 41

Ser and Thr

Question 42

what are the aliphatic side chains

Answer 42

Leu, Ile, ala, val, pro

Question 43

What aa can form disulfide bonds

Answer 43

Cysteine

Question 44

Types representing protein structures

Answer 44

Worm/tube backbone, ribbon backbone, space-filling heavy atoms, line

Question 45

What peptide linkages is more favourable

Answer 45

trans

Question 46

Where is the omega angle

Answer 46

the carbon with a oxygen and nitrogen

Question 47

Where is the phi angle

Answer 47

N-C alpha

Question 48

Where is the psi angle

Answer 48

C alpha - C

Question 49

What are the polar amino acid

Answer 49

Serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine 5aa

Question 50

What are the non-polar aa

Answer 50

glycine,alanine, proline, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine 7aa

Question 51

Aromatic aa

Answer 51

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan 3aa

Question 52

Positively charged aa

Answer 52

lysine, arginine, histidine 3aa

Question 53

Negative charge aa

Answer 53

aspartate, glutamate 2aa