Module 1 and 2 Flashcards
Has flashcards that were provided in both modules and questions form the quizes (186 cards)
1
Q
This proclamation issued by king George III designed the western boundary for colonial settlement. A direct result of Pontiac’s War, its purpose was to prevent colonists from moving onto Native American lands.
A
What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763
2
Q
This rebellion against the British began in 1763 as a reaction to changes in trade policy. It ranged from the Great Lakes down to Virginia because the leader formed alliances with many tribes.
A
What was Pontiac’s War
3
Q
This was a process of buying tools, clothes, and other luxury items, as opposed to people making their own. It became a sign of respectability amongst colonists. this was possible due to improvements to manufacturing, and transportation as well as the availability of credit.
A
What was the Consumer Revolution
4
Q
This religious group was the first to oppose slavery in the colonies. By 1758, those in Pennsylvania disowned members who engaged in the slave trade
A
What were the Quakers
5
Q
These crops, such as tobacco and rice were sold mainly for profit. Slavery took root in states that had them, but not in states that did not have them
A
what are cash crops?
5
Q
These colonies were owned by a lord proprietor who appointed the governor. They often had more freedom than colonies with other forms of government.
A
What were Proprietary Colonies
Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland
5
Q
In this year, enslaved people were first brought to the colonies
A
What was 1619
5
Q
These colonies were led by governors appointed by the king. they were most tightly controlled by the crown
A
what were the Provincial Colonies?
New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North & South Carolina, and Georgia
5
Q
In these colonies, the governor was elected by property-owning men. They often included the executive, legislative, and judicial branches
A
What were Charter Colonies
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut
5
Q
These colonial bodies served as the governor’s cabinet. Members were chosen by the governor
A
What were Councils
5
Q
These other colonies of the British Empire in North America were interdependent with the continental colonies. The sets of colonies traded with each other
A
what were the Caribbean Colonies?
5
Q
This rebellion by enslaved people took place in 1739. while it failed, colonists were reminded that enslaved people would fight for freedom
A
what was Stone Rebellion?
6
Q
This was a series of religious revivals. The first took place in mid-1700s. Their goal was to encourage people to return to a more picus lifestyle. They led to changes in American society
A
What was the Great Awakening
6
Q
The British won this war with France that ended in 1763. They took control of much of North America. The British imposed taxes on the colonists to pay for it. That helped fuel the American Revolution
A
What was the Seven Years’ War
6
Q
These colonial bodies were elected by property-owning men to ensure that approved new taxes and budgets and acted as a check on the governor’s power.
A
What were Colonial Assemblies
7
Q
He said “the colonist are entitled to as ample rights, liberties, and privileges as the subjects of the mother country are and in some respects of the mother country are, and in some respects to more”
A
James Otis, like many colonists, He believed that the North American colonies held a special place in the empire. they thought that explained Britains hand- off policy towards them up to that point.
8
Q
This meant that married women lost all political and economic rights to their husbands
A
What is Coverture
9
Q
Exports from this tiny Caribbean island are valued more than the total exports of all the continental colonies
A
What is Barbados
10
Q
On March 5, 1770, British soldiers shot and killed 5 people in this event
A
What was the Boston Massacre
11
Q
This 1765 act placed a new, direct tax on items printed on paper. It was the first time the crown had directly taxed the colonists. it led to much resistance when passed but much rejoicing when repealed
A
What was the Stamp Act
12
Q
This city had the largest population of any city in the colonies in the late 18th century
A
What was Philadelphia
13
Q
This monarch sat on the British throne throughout the American Revolution
A
Who was King George III
14
Q
This 1764 act sought to combat the smuggling of molasses and raise revenue for the British crown
A
What was the Sugar Act
15
Q
This 1764 act sought to restrict the colony’s ability to produce paper money. which made it hard for colonies to do business
A
What was the Currency Act
16
This resolution passed by the Virginia assembly in 1765 declared that colonists were entitled to "all the liberties, privileges... and immunities... possessed by the people of Great Britain"
What were the Virginia Resolves
17
This declaration affirmed "allegiance to the King and all due subordination to parliament" it also stated that colonists were entitled to the same rights as Britains
What was the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
18
This congress represented 9 of 13 colonies and met in New York City in October 1765. It issued the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
What was the Stamp Act Congress
19
These organizations existed in most colonies and directed resistance to acts passed by parliament
Who were the Sons of Liberty
20
These acts passed in 1767 created new customs duties instead of direct taxes on common items. and they strengthened compliance with those duties. this led to new resistance by the colonists
what was the Townshend Act?
21
These committees were created to allow colonies to correspond with one another they helped unite colonies
What were the Committees of Correspondence
22
This "party" was a response to the Tea Act which resulted in 342 chests of tea being dumped into Boston Harbor
What was the Boston Tea Party
23
These 4 acts were passed by Parliament in the wake of the Boston Tea Party. They were meant to punish Boston but served to further unite colonists they led to the first Continental Congress
What were the Coercive Acts or the Intolerable Acts
24
This Congress coordinated the first intercolonial response to the actions of the crown. It met for the first time in the fall of 1774
What was the Continental Congress
25
It was in these 2 towns that the first shots of revolution were fired. this action occurred as British regiments set out to seize colonial militia weapons
What was Lexington and Conrad
26
This army was commanded by George Washington. Its original purpose was to support the Massachusetts militia against the British army
what was the Continental Army?
27
This petition was meant to act as an Olive Branch. Its goal was to assure King George III that colonists wanted to reconcile
What was the Olive Branch Petition
28
This document was a public declaration that "these united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states"
What is the Declaration of Independence
29
This pamphlet took a common sense approach in its argument in favor of independence
What was "common sense" by Thomas Paine
30
These mercenaries were German soldiers hired by the British to fight against colonists
Who were the Hessians
31
This battle in upstate New York led to the defeat of a British army under the command of John Burgoyne. it helped convince France to enter the war on the side of the Americans
What was the Battle of Saratoga
32
This battle in Virginia led to capture of British army under command of Lord Cornwallis. It led to peace negotiations between Great Britain and United States
What was the Battle of Yorktown
33
These articles drafted by the Continental Congress tied states into a confederation. it was the document that governed stated from 1781 to 1789. Its primary weakness was that it was that it provided no way for the federal government to raise money
What were the Articles of Confederation
34
The assistance of these 3 European countries helped colonists defeat the British
What are France, Spain, and Holland
35
To protect their right, these Massachusetts farmers rebelled in 1786 and 1787 they blockaded courthouses and tried to shut down the government
Who were the Shaysites
36
At the constitution convention in 1787, this plan proposed creating " an extended republic" with a strong federal government it included 3 branches, a 2-house legislative branch, an executive branch, and a judicial branch
What was the Virginia Plan
37
At the constitutional convention in 1787, this plan for the U.S. government proposed each state received 1 vote in Congress as under the Articles of Confederation
What was the New Jersey Plan
38
This branch of Congress is made up of representatives from each state the number of representatives is determined by the population of the state
What was the House of Representatives
39
This branch of Congress is made up of 2 officials from each state, regardless of the population of the state
What is the Senate
40
The U.S. Constitution is a result of the compromise which combined elements of the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
What was the Great Compromise
41
This collage is made up of electors representing voters of their state. Each states number of electors is determined by its population. Electors vote for the president and Vice President
What is the Electoral College
42
This convention held in 1787 proposed a constitution to define how the United States would be governed. This constitution had to be approved by 9 of the 13 states
What was the Constitution Convention
43
This process of reviewing the constitution proposed by the constitutional convention required 9 of the 13 states to approve it
What was Ratification
44
This group endorsed the constitution proposed by the constitutional convention they pushed for its ratification
Who were the Federalists
45
This group opposed the constitution proposed by the constitutional convention they pushed for it to be rejected. They argued that it did not guarantee specific rights to its citizens
Who were the Anit-Federalists
46
This Rebellion took place in 1800. It taught white residents that enslaved Blacks were capable of preparing for and carrying out a violent revolution. They were inspired by other revolts.
What was Gabriel's Rebellion
47
This failed rebellion took place in the Caribbean colonies in 1791. It inspired free and enslaved Black Americans but terrified white Americans
What was the Haitian Rebellion
48
This type of republicanism represents the idea of more democracy, where ordinary citizens directly determine who their leaders should be
What is Jeffersonian Republicanism
49
This "revolution" described a revolution in principles. It described a shift of power from the elites to the masses with the election of Thomas Jefferson
What was the Revolution of 1800
50
This party also known as Jeffersonian Republicans opposed the Federalist's desire for a strong central government. It embraced giving citizens greater direct control over government
What was the Democrat-Republican Party
51
This concept held that American women were essential in nurturing principles of Liberty. American women passed along values of independence and virtue to their children
What was Republican Motherhood
52
The _______ is the name of the first 10 amendments to the constitution
What is the Bill of Rights
53
Fearful of the "evils we experience form an excess of democracy" many states used this to limit who could vote
What are the Property requirements for voting
54
This Presidential election was the first in which the winner of _____ the House of representative chose the winner the losing side called the election results "Corrupt"
What was the Election of 1824
55
President Jackson believed this financial institution hurt working people and favored wealthy people. As a result, he revoked its charter. This became a very divisive issue
What was the Second Bank of the United States
56
This party came into being in the 1830s to oppose President Jackson
What was the Whig Party
57
This nickname was given to President Jackson. His opponents believed he used powers that exceeded his office
What was King Andrew
58
This term embodied the idea that God chose America to spread values and itself across North America and around the world
What was Manifest Destiny
59
This act passed by Congress forced Native Americans to leave their homes. They had to go give up their ancestral land in the east and move to present-day Oklahoma
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830
60
This forced march drove tens of thousands of Native Americans from their home in the Southeast United States. Along the way about 15,000 died
What was the Trail of Tears
61
This act of Congress provided funds for "civilizing" Native Americans. Kidnapped children were taken to schools that tried to destroy Native American Culture
What was the Civilization Fund Act of 1819
62
This type of "presidential" democracy championed greater rights for ordinary white males. it also ignored the rights of non-whites and females. It did not believe in racial equality or that women should have the right to vote
What was Jacksonian Democracy
63
This purchase in 1803 more than doubled the size of the United States
What was the Louisiana Purchase
64
These laws were first passed in Ohio in 1803. They denied Black Americans basic rights like the right to vote and prohibited access to public schools.
What were Black Laws
65
This Compromise allowed Maine into the Union as a free state in addition, Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
what was the Missouri Compromise of 1820
66
This war took place in the 1840s. It resulted in the U.S. gaining huge amounts of land. This land would become California, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona
what was the Mexican-American War
67
This Republic declared independence from Mexico in 1836. It joined the Union in 1845.
What was the Republic of Texas
68
This treaty ended the Mexican-American War in 1848
What was the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
69
In reaction to the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848. This political party was formed and demanded an alternative to the pro-slavery status quo
What was the Free Soil Party
70
This was a series of deals made in 1850. It was meant to balance the wants of free states and slave states
What was the compromise of 1850
71
This law was part of the Compromise of 1850. It created Federal agents to determine the fate of alleged fugitives of slaver
What was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
72
This book had a powerful message and racist stereotypes. It bolstered the abolitionist cause and moved antislavery into everyday conversation
What is "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe
73
This act of 1850 repealed the Missouri Compromise. It let voters residing in Kansas and Nebraska decide whether to allow slavery
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act
74
The Platform of this political party of the 1850s was centered around Anti-immigrant sentiment
what is the Know-Nothing (or American) Party
75
This political party came into being in the 1850s. Its 1860 platform opposed the expansion of slavery. It also promised new land and a transcontinental railroad
What was the Republican party?
76
This Supreme Court decision of 1856 ruled that the U.S. Constitution did not apply to Black Americans
What was the Dred Scott Decision
77
This phrase from the 1850s described Kansas. It reflected the fact that it had become a bloody battleground between slavery and antislavery forces
What is Bleeding Kansas
78
In an effort to start a slave rebellion, John Brown raided this Federal arsenal in Virginia in 1859
What is Harpers Ferry
79
This man was elected president in 1860. He dedicated his presidency to preserving the Union
Who was Abraham Lincoln
80
South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860. It issued this declaration highlighting the failure of the federal government to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
What was the Declaration of the Immediate Causes
81
This term describes formally withdrawing from a political state or agreement. It is what the Confederate states did in 1860 and 1861
What is Secession
82
This term describes the confederation formed by the states that seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861
What is the Confederacy, or the Confederate States of America
83
This took place between the United States and the Confederate States from 1861 and 1865. The Union Won
What was the Civil War
84
This is the name given to slave states that did not secede from the Union. They were extremely important to the Union's cause
What were the Border States
85
Confederate forces bombed this Fort in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina was the first battle of the Civil War. Confederate forces bombed it on April 12, 1861 and the Fort surrendered the next day
what was Fort Sumter?
86
These camps were full of enslaved African Americans who took freedom into their own hands. They did so by running away from slavery to the Union lines
what were contraband camps?
87
This was the first battle between the Union and Confederate armies. It took place on July 21, 1861. The Confederate army won, and the Union Army had to run
What was the Battle of Bull Run
88
This Nickname was for Democrats in the North who were sympathetic to the Confederacy. They worked against the Northern war effort and exploited antiwar sentiment
What were Copperheads
89
This battle on September 17, 1862, stopped the Confederate Army from invading the North. It is the single bloodiest day in American History
What was Antietam
90
President Lincoln issued this proclamation that legally freed enslaved people in areas under Confederate control. It did not apply to the border states
What was the Emancipation Proclamation
91
This act of 1863 allowed the government to draft men for the war effort. This action resulted in discontent and rioting in Northern states
What was the Enrollment Act
92
This battle took place in July 1863. the Confederate Army was prevented from invading the North. It remains the bloodiest battle in American History
What was the Battle of Gettysburg
93
This term refers to the new tactics taken by the Union Armies. These included demoralizing civilians and destroying the economy. It leads to hardship for civilians.
What is "Hard war"
94
An example of "Hard war", this March left a trail of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah in 1864
What was Sherman's March to the Sea
95
General Lee surrendered his army to General Grant at this Courthouse on April 9, 1865. This ended Confederate military operations of the Civil War
What is Appomattox Courthouse
96
This amendment drafted during the Civil War, Outlawed slavery in the United States
What is the 13th Amendment to the Constitution?
97
This day celebrates June 19, 1865, when Union Soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas. They told the state residents that slavery had been abolished
What is Juneteenth
98
This is the term for being set free. It was applied to enslaved people when they became free
What is Emancipation
99
The "consumer Revolution" was
Process of colonists beginning to purchase consumer goals
100
"Commodity money" was
A god or material used in place of cash when cash is scarce
101
How did many enslaved Black Americans respond to the Revolution?
They took up arms for whichever side would offer them freedom
102
What raw materials did Britain rely on the colonies to provide
Lumber and tobacco
103
This battle helped convince France to enter the war on the side of the Americans
Saratoga
104
Which of the following events tied the colonies together through shared sympathy for Boston
The Boston Massacre
105
Purchasing consumer goods and trading was difficult for colonists because
There was no standard money in the colonies
106
The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was a result of what
Pontiac's War
107
What type of colony was Virginia
Provincial
108
What topic was not addressed by any plans at the constitutional convention
The future of slavery
109
By 1700, what portion of New York residents was enslaved
Close to 50%
110
Because of colonial resistance to the Stamp Act Parliament...
Repealed Act, causing the colonists to celebrate
111
The Great Awakening was
A movement that encountered individuals to question the world around them
112
The relationship between these 2 groups of colonies could best be described as interdependent
Continental and Caribbean
113
Fort Sumter, in Charleston, South Carolina was
The first major engagement of the Civil War
114
The Emancipation Proclamation freed
Enslaved people in areas under Confederate control
115
The root cause of the American Civil War was
Slavery
116
This act, part of the Compromise of 1850 was seen as an effort to extend slavery's influence throughout his country
Fugitive Slave Act
117
What was a negative consequence of Jacksonian Democracy
The erosion of Freedoms for non-whites
118
How many Americans died in the U.S. Civil War
750,000
119
Which political party was formed directly in response to President Jackson and his policies
Whig Party
120
What was troubling about the Fugitive Slave Act
-It curbed the power of states and local authorities when it came to slavery
-It created the special federal agents whose decisions could not be contested
-It encouraged federal agents to decide people were enslaved because the agents were paid more for deciding the defendant should be enslaved
121
Who were the Sons of Liberty
A group of patriots that directed and organized resistance to the British
122
The 13th amendment
outlawed slavery (in 1865)
123
Who raided Harper's Ferry in 1859
John Brown
124
What was the significance of the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision?
Black Americans could not be citizens of the United States
125
This Rebellion in the 1780s involved Farmers demanding payment for their grievances
Shay's Rebellion
126
What was the significance of the Haitian Revolt?
It inspired free and enslaved Black Americans
127
President Jackson believed
Greater rights for the common man
128
what was the most immediate cause of the American Revolution?
British attempts to pay for the seven-year war by taxing the colonists
129
Where did the term Jim Crow originate
A white actor appearing on stage in blackface
130
What was the result of the Battle of Antietam, The bloodiest single day in American History
the Confederated were forced to withdraw from the North
131
this is true of the Anti-Federalist
They opposed ratifying the Constitution
132
what group of people led a rebellion that resulted in the Royal Proclamation of 1763
Pontiac
133
Passed to punish Massachusetts, The Coercive Acts
Fostered the sense of shared identify among the colonies
134
what was daring about the Virginia plan
It created "an extended republic" that encompassed a diversity of people, climates and customs
135
Many of the founders believed that democracy...
Was dangerous because common people would make poor decisions
136
The Fugitive Slave Act...
-Prevented local Authorities from interfering in the capture of escaped slaves
-Greatly increased the power of the federal government
-resulted in the corrupt capture of free Black Americans
137
The belief that slavery was a justified institution was the basis for...
The Confederate Nationalism
138
The battle of Gettysburg was important because...
It turned back the Confederate Army's invasion of the North
139
Voters overwhelmingly supported Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential Election of 1864
Union Soldiers
140
The "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" Stated...
-Colonists had the right to trial by jury
-Colonists could only be taxed by their own election representatives
-Colonists were entitled to the same rights as Briton
141
This is an example of a "Hard War"
Generals Sherman's March to the Sea
142
what phrases describe the idea that colonists spending money was a sign of respectability
Consumer Revolution
143
The 3-day battle of Gettysburg is important because...
the Union army defeated the Confederate army, forcing the Confederates to retreat
144
In 1750 what colony had a majority enslaved population
South Carolina
145
The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to
Punish Boston
146
what act admitted both Missouri and Main to the Union
Missouri compromise
147
Colonists chances to by consumer goods increased due to improvements in…
Available of credit, manufacturing, transportation
148
What colony outlawed slavery by 1750
Slavery was legal in every North American British colony at that time
149
What was a major crop in South Carolina
Rice
150
The Royal proclamation of 1763 limited settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, why did King George lll issue it
To limit wars with Native Americans
151
What was a result of the Pontiac war
Creation of the proclamation line of 1763 to protect Native American lands
152
James Otis spoke for manny colonists when he said
In some respects colonist had more rights and liberties than other subjects of the mother country
153
Both John Locke and George Whitfield encouraged this value
Questioning authority
154
How did women participate in protesting the townshed acts
Spinning homespun clothing to aid the trade boycott
155
What was the purpose of the tea act
To help East Indian company
156
What would colonist be implicitly acknowledging if they accepted the tea act
Parliament had the right to tax them
157
The coercive or intolerable acts included 4 specific laws
Boston port act, Massachusetts government act, administration of justice act, and quartering act
158
Who kept family farms going during the war of independence
Women
159
Most members of the Shawnee, Creek, Cherokee, and Iroquois supported which side during the war
British
160
What was the primary cause of Shay’s rebellion
Farmers struggling because of debts
161
How were enslaved people counted for purpose of population representation
As 3/5 of a person
162
Thomas Jefferson in “Notes on the state of Virginia” supported the theory of polygenesis. What is Polygenesis
The belief that African- descended people were created separately from European descended people
163
To whom did Thomas Jefferson feel he owed his election
Ordinary citizens
164
Over first 50 years of American history, what statement best describes the ability of African Americans to vote in elections
Voting right among African Americans decreased during antebellum America
165
Andrew Jackson believed
That white, male citizens should be more involved in government
166
The Missouri compromise did all these things
Admit Maine as a free state, admit Missouri as a slave state, and establish the dividing line for future state admissions
167
The compromise of 1850 included
-New Mexico and Utah would determine there own fates as slave or free state based on popular sovereignty
-California joined Union as a free state
-A much harsher Fugitive Slave act
-the slave trade, but not slavery, was banned in Washington D.C
168
What issue was the know-nothing most involved with
Anti-immigration
169
What all is true about the republican platform of 1860
-Opposed the expansion of slavery
-promised new land to white constituents
-supported the transcontinental railroad
170
Why did the republican party nominate Abraham Lincoln for presidency
He was less divisive than other candidates
171
What did the confederate Vice President say about what the confederacy was founded on
“The great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man;that slavery… is his natural and normal condition”
172
What were the names of the border states
Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland
And there were crucial to the success of the Union
173
Black men made up what portion of the Union Army
10%
174
During the civil war women did what
Nursing, spying, and dressing as men and fighting in battle
175
What proved most deadly aspect of the civil war
Disease
176
What groups supported President Lincoln in election of 1864
Union groups and radical republicans
177
What statements describes the process of emancipation
-African Americans took action into own hands and forced Union to create a policy
-The first confiscation Act provided roots of emancipation
-congress empowered military leaders to provide freedom to enslaved people
-The 13th amendment declared that slavery was illegal in all American territories
