Module 3 and 4 Flashcards
(297 cards)
1
Q
When did Reconstruction Began?
A
Before the Civil War ended
2
Q
Black codes, including vagrancy laws had what effects?
A
-Criminalized black leisure
-Locked many into exploitative farming contract
-Limited black mobility
3
Q
General Sherman issued what to set aside land in Georgia and South Carolina as homesteads for freed people?
A
Special Field Order No. 15
4
Q
What goal of freed people was the least successful?
A
Gaining access to land
5
Q
During Reconstruction, Black churches helped in the following ways
A
-Provided gathering places for political meetings
-Trained leaders for both preaching and political work
-Created opportunities for women
6
Q
Why did women’s rights leaders oppose the Fourteenth Amendment?
A
It introduced the word “male” into the Constitution for the first time.
7
Q
What was the term for the African American women’s memorial association that arranged the mourning for Union soldiers buried in Charleston?
A
Patriotic Association
8
Q
Home rule in the South refers to a system in which:
A
Black Americans were restricted in their economic, social, and political rights.
9
Q
What terrorist tactics did White southerners use to enforce racial hierarchies?
A
-Attacking Black candidates and officials and frightening voters with threats of violence
-Targeting freed people who tried to purchase land or otherwise become too independent
-Beating or shooting Black men over minor squabbles, labor disputes, and crimes of passion
10
Q
What was the most common labor pattern in post-Civil War cotton agriculture?
A
Sharecropping
11
Q
After the Civil War, the federal government had to do what?
A
Increase presence in the economy
12
Q
The Depression of 1873 began when a prominent business declared bankruptcy. What was the name of that company?
A
Jay Cooke and Company
13
Q
This term refers to the time after the American Civil War, From 1865 to 1877. It describes the efforts to restore Southern states to the Union. It began before the war ended
A
What was Reconstruction
14
Q
This was the Theater where Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865
A
What was Ford’s Theater?
15
Q
These laws were passed to regulate the behavior of Black Americans during and after the Civil war. One scholar called them “Slavery by another name.”
A
What were Black Codes?
16
Q
This act of congress, passed in 1866, was the first attempt to constitutionally define all American-born residents as citizens. It did not include Native people
A
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866
17
Q
This amendment to the Constitution granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans
A
What is the 14th amendment
18
Q
this act of 1867 dissolved the governments of the Confederate states. It allowed the federal government to decide which Southern could return to the union
A
What was the First Reconstruction Act
19
Q
This describes the effort to freed people in the South with land. It largely failed.
A
What was land reform?
20
Q
Issued by General Sherman, this order provided land in Georgia and South Carolina for freed people. This order was overruled by his superiors and never fully took effect
A
What was Special Fields order No. 15?
21
Q
The purpose of this government organization was to help freed people by redistributing lands. it also had courts where African Americans could seek justice.
A
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
22
Q
This amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote.
A
What was the 15th amendment to the Constitution?
23
Q
These organized vigilante groups killed Black candidates, frightened voters away from the polls, and terrorized freed people who tries to purchase land
A
What were night riders?
24
Q
Formed in 1866, this group spread to all stated in the former Confederacy. Its purpose was to terrorize. It did so by murdering, lynching, torturing, and raping
A
what is the Ku Klux Klan
25
By 1876, Southern Democrats had established this, which reestablished white supremacy and Black oppression throughout the former Confederacy
What was "Home rule"?
26
These laws bound freed people to plantation by allowing for the arrest of innocent Black men and women. The result was decades of forced, uncompensated labor
What are vagrancy laws?
27
This agreement settled the election of 1876. Democrats accepted Rutherford B. Hayes, a Republican as president. and Hayes removed federal troops form the South.
What was the Compromise of 1877
28
This pattern of labor resulted in a cycle of debt that bound the family, usually Black, to the land.
What was sharecropping
29
How did the United States respond to the Boxer Rebellion in China?
President McKinley sent the U.S. Army into China without consulting Congress.
30
What reasons did President Wilson authorized the invasion of Vera Cruz, Mexico in 1914?
-Victoriano Huerta executed democratically elected president, Francisco Madero.
-Americans with financial investments in Mexico asked for intervention.
-Mexican forces mistakenly arrested American sailors.
31
During the 19th century, American interests in the Middle East revolved around...
-Religion
-Education
-Humanitarian aid
32
These statements regarding the Spanish-American War are true
-The United States received the territory of the Philippines after the war.
-Theodore Roosevelt and his Rough Riders earned fame during the war.
-The war ended with the Treaty of Paris.
33
What were the Filipinos fighting for in 1898?
To win their freedom
34
How did the Roosevelt Corollary modify the Monroe Doctrine?
Declaring that the U.S. had the right to take action in any Latin American nation to correct administrative and fiscal issues
35
Women participated in the global influence of the United States in many ways, including...
-Missionaries
-Teachers
-Medical professionals
36
Which groups were excluded by the Immigration Act of 1882?
-Those who could not support themselves
-Those with mental illness
-Convicted criminals
37
This was a movement opposed to foreign businesses and missionaries operating in China
What was the Boxer Rebellion
38
This U.S. policy called for Western powers to have equal access to China
What was the Open Door Policy?
39
In this "Splendid little war" of 1898, the United States gained control of the Philippine Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam
What was the Spanish-American War?
40
This war sated in 1898. It was waged to keep control of a group of islands in the Pacific that the United States had acquired from Spain, and to prevent independence
What was the Philippine-America War?
41
In 1898, Spain was blamed for the explosion that sank this ship in Havana harbor. More than 350 American sailors died in the explosion
What was the USS Maine
42
These newspapers promote sensational, if untrue, stories that often sway popular opinion.They first became prominent in 1898
What are "Yellow journals"
43
In 1898, This treaty ended the Spanish-American war
What was the Treaty of Paris?
44
This saying described Theodore Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy.
What was "Speak softly and carry a big stick"?
45
This declared that the United States could take action in any Latin American nation to correct administration and financial issues.
What was the Roosevelt Corollary
46
Racial hostility toward Chinese immigrant led to Congress passing this act in 1875
What was the Page Act
47
This act, passed by Congress in 1882, suspended the immigration of all Chinese laborers.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
48
This act of 1882 denied people admission to the country who could not support themselves. It also denied entry to people with mental illness and convicted criminals
What was the Immigration Act of 1882
49
In this polite agreement of 1907, Japan agreed to stop issuing passports to working-class emigrants to the United States
What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?
50
What definition best describes the work of muckrakers?
Investigative journalists
51
statements regarding Jane Addams' activism are true?
-Spoke out against militarism
-Created an influential settlement house in Chicago
-Favored cooperation between rich and poor
52
statements regarding the National Women’s Party
-It was led by Alice Paul.
-It picketed the White House.
-More than 150 members were arrested and imprisoned.
53
What legal principle was enshrined by the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson?
Separate but equal
54
This period of American history, from 1870-1900, was marked by rapid economic growth and a wave of immigration
what was the Gilded Age?
55
This era, from about 1896-1916, was marked by progressive movements and various reforms.
What was the Progressive Era?
56
In this terrible fire, 146 women died. Events such as these convinced many Americans that it was necessary to reform working conditions.
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
57
These journalists started writing in the late 1800s. They exposed poor business practices. poverty, and corruption.
What were muckrakers?
58
These clubs formed during the Progressive Era furthered women's causes.
What were Women's Clubs?
59
Founded by one of the Progressive Era's most well known reformers, this house provided for women's needs. It also exposed "social crimes"
What is Hull House
60
This amendment to the Constitution guarantee that the "vote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex"
What is the 19th amendment
61
Despite the 15th and 19th amendments, many southern states sought to disenfranchise Black voters by means of this tax.
What is a poll tax?
62
Despite the 15th and 19th amendments, many southern states sought to disenfranchise Black voters by means of this test.
What is a literacy test?
63
Many states, particularly in the South, sought to maintain white supremacy through this system. It was designed to keep Whites and Blacks apart
What is segregation?
64
This system reduced many sharecroppers to a state of economic slavery. Most of these sharecroppers were Black Americans
What was the crop lien system?
65
This system leased convicts for unpaid work. It was similar to slavery. and it allowed former Confederate states to maintain racial control and White supremacy.
What is the convict lease system?
66
This Supreme Court case took place in 1896 and established the legal principle of separate but equal
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
67
The broken promises of Reconstruction led Black Americans to fight back. This term describes the actions they took.
What is Black activism?
68
This term is used to describe the segregated, unequal, and oppressive conditions that existed in much of the former Confederate states
What is Jim Crow?
69
What was the most concerning issue American diplomats prior to World War I where concerned about?
Expanding transatlantic trade
70
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
A German offer to help Mexico recover land lost in the Mexican-American War if Mexico would side with Germany in WWI
71
How did many Black leaders, including W. E. B. Du Bois, respond to the war?
They supported the war effort. And they lobbied to include Black soldiers in front-line combat positions.
72
Women served in the armed forces during World War I. They served in what positions
-Naval yeomen
-Telephone operators
-Physicians
73
Germany went from fighting a war on two fronts to fighting a war on one front when what happened?
Russia surrendered to Germany.
74
What disease proved most deadly during and in the immediate aftermath of World War I?
Influenza
75
Why did the League of Nations fail?
The Americans refused to join.
76
Why did the United States send troops to Russia during the Russian Civil War in 1918?
To fight, for the first time, against international communism
77
This empire was based in modern-day Turkey and fought against the Allies in World War I
What was the Ottoman Empire?
78
This empire made up much of southern Europe and fought against the Allied in World War I
What was the Austro-Hungarian Empire
79
While tensions had been rising, this assassination is often credited with starting World War I
What was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his spouse, the Grand Duchess Sophie?
80
This country was the first country of World War I to be invaded
What is Belgium?
81
This war started in 1914. It involved the United States and most European countries. It ranged all over the world
What was World War I?
82
This telegram was sent from Germany to Mexico. It offered Mexico support in taking back Texas if Mexico would join Germany's side in World War I
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
83
This type of warfare sank many ships in the atlantic Ocean, including the RMS Lusitania. that resulted in the deaths of more than 100 Americans
What was submarine warfare?
84
During World War I, the United kingdom, France, Russia, Japan, and the United States were the principle countries that made up this alliance
Who were the Allies?
85
This act passed in 1917. It allows the government to draft men into the military.
What is the Selective Service Act?
86
These two acts of congress were passed in 1917 and 1918. They stripped protesters of their rights and allowed for the imprisonment of critics of the war
What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
87
This revolution toppled the Tsar in Russia. It brought to power Vladimir Lenin and the Communists
What was the Bolshevik Revolution?
88
Between 1918 and the early 1920s. this flu killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide
What was the Spanish Flu?
89
This statement by President Wilson in January 1918 offered his vision of war aims and peace terms.
What were the Fourteen Points?
90
At the end of World War I, President Wilson proposed this international organization. He said it would "make the world safe for democracy."
What was the League of Nations?
91
This commision determined that self-determination appealed to many in the Middle East
What was the KIng-Crane Commission
92
This treaty ended World War I because of its one-sidedness, It sowed the seed for World War II
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
93
What was result of the Kaiserschlacht launched by the Germans in March 1918?
It led to a series of Allied counteroffensives that pushed the German lines back.
94
Which tragedy convinced many Americans of the need for labor reform in the early twentieth century?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
95
The purpose of Reconstruction was to:
Restore southern states to the Union and to redefine Black Americans' place in American society
96
Sharecropping was:
A labor pattern that bound freedmen to the land, keeping them in virtual bondage as Sharecropping usually created a cycle of debt that kept families bound to the land.
97
What is the term to describe the effort, which began before the Civil War ended, to restore the Southern States to the Union:
Reconstruction
98
Which revolution toppled the tsar in Russia:
Bolshevik Revolution
- The Bolshevik Revolution toppled the tsar during World War I. This led to Russia ending its involvement in the war.
99
The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson was important because it:
It made "separate but equal" legal
-The case allowed segregation, claiming it was OK as long as the separate facilities were equal. Usually they were not.
100
Which of the following groups were largely responsible for establishing school systems across the South during Reconstruction?
Black delegates to state conventions
101
These were passed after the Civil War to regulate and control Black behavior:
Black codes
102
The purpose of Black Codes was to:
Impose social and economic control over Black Americans
-Black Codes criminalized Black Americans' leisure time. They locked many into exploitative farming contracts.
103
In 1882, which group became the first immigrant group subject to admission restrictions on the basis of race?
Chinese
104
Which of the following roles did White women perform to support American imperialism?
-Symbols of the benefits of American civilization
-Projecting an image of middle-class America to the world
-Transmitters of American values
105
The Nineteenth Amendment:
Guaranteed women the right to vote
106
The United States sent to troops to this country in 1918 to fight the Bolshevik Revolution:
Russia
107
Which factors helped plunge the nation into the Great Depression?
-Rising inequality
-Rural collapse
-Overextended investors
108
What percentage of Americans were investing in the stock market prior to the crash?
2.5%
109
What was the result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930?
International trade collapsed.
110
What is the definition of Herbert Hoover’s “associationalism"?
A system in which voluntary cooperative groups would provide assistance to those in need and businesses would limit harmful practice
111
The environmental catastrophe of the Great Depression was partly the result of agricultural mismanagement. Which of the following was the most consequential example of this mismanagement?
Farmers plowed up natural ground cover to grow more crops.
112
During the Great Depression, overall immigration to the United States?
Decreased
113
Upon assuming office, how did Roosevelt respond to the collapsing bank system?
He declared a bank holiday and then pushed through the Emergency Banking Act.
114
what program aimed to raise the prices of agricultural commodities by offering cash incentives to voluntarily limit farm production?
AAA
115
What was the most dramatic result of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act?
It created a national minimum wage.
116
Which of the following actions did Franklin Roosevelt take to advance civil rights for African Americans?
He did none of these things
-He abolished the poll tax.
-He ensured that African American farmworkers had access to Social Security.
-He created a federal sentencing law to prosecute perpetrators of lynching.
117
What was FDR’s “court-packing scheme”?
An attempt to appoint up to six new justices who would be friendly to his interests.
118
In October 1929, this event wiped out $10 billion in investments. It also exposed deeper, underlying problems with the American economy.
What was the stock market crash?
119
This tariff of 1930 was meant to improve the economy. But it had the opposite effect.
What was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930
120
This major economic downturn started in 1929 and lasted for 10 years. It affected millions of Americans and destroyed countless lives.
what was the Great Depression
121
This was a system of voluntary action that assumed Americans could maintain a web of voluntary cooperative groups embraced by President Herbert Hoover
What was associationalism
122
These shantytowns, named for a president, sprung up all over the country. they were a result of people losing their housing due to the Great Depression.
What are Hoovervilles?
123
The Great Plains run from Montana and North Dakota down through Texas. They were known by this term when severe droughts in the 1930s turned the soil to dust
What is the Dust Bowl?
124
Starting in 1933, this was a set of programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the effects of the Great Depression
What was the New Deal?
125
This program was put in place as part of the New Deal to fight unemployment. Its works included bridges, tunnels, schoolhouses, libraries.
What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
126
This "army" of veterans converged on Washington, DC, in the summer of 1832. President Hoover sent the army to clear them out. Three were killed
What was the Bonus Army
127
In the first period of time, President Roosevelt focused on stabilizing the banks and relieving the suffering of Americans
What were the first 100 days?
128
This New Deal program remade the needy region of the Tennessee Roosevelt's vision for uplifting the South
What was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?
129
This senator criticized President Roosevelt for failing to redistribute wealth. He proposed a Share Our Wealth program.
Who was Huey Long?
130
This act was passed by Congress in 1935. It offered federal legal protection for workers to organize unions. The labor protections were revolutionary.
What was the National Labor Relations Act?
131
This signature piece of legislation provides old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and economic aid to both the elderly and dependent children
What is the Social Security Act?
132
In 1931, these "Boys" became a national symbol of continuing racial prejudice in America. Their situation became a rallying point for civil rights-minded Americans
Who are the Scottsboro Boys?
133
This form of murder was rampant in the South. It was committed by whites against Black Americans to terrorize and control them. It is a public killing by a mob.
What is Lynching
134
This policy of remaining apart from the affairs of other countries was popular in the United States in the 1930s
What is Isolationism
135
Japanese leaders turned to military expansionism. Before that, they considered which of the following strategies?
Pan-Asian anti-colonialism
136
Which country sought U.S. aid to help defend themselves against a Japanese invasion in the 1930s?
China
137
Which of the following best characterized German military tactics?
Speed and agility
138
Why did Hitler stop the Blitz in June 1941?
Germany needed the resources of the Luftwaffe to invade the Soviet Union.
139
How did the United States approach its relationship with Japan before Pearl Harbor? (Select all that apply.)
-Cut off supply of war materials
-Dissolved trade treaties with Japan
140
Which Allied nation was the first to reach Berlin?
Soviet Union
141
After the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States suffered a defeat in the Pacific. What was it?
American forces surrendered in the Philippines.
142
Which events immediately precipitated and led to the surrender of Japan in August, 1945?
The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
143
What was the top tax rate during World War II?
94%
144
What prompted President Roosevelt to pass Executive Order 8802?
A. Philip Randolph planned to lead a march on Washington, DC.
145
More than 110,000 Japanese-descended Americans were detained in internment camps. Approximately how many were American citizens?
70,000
146
This charter addressed American and British goals for after the war:
The Atlantic Charter
147
This form of government places the needs of the state over the needs of its citizens. It is often headed by a dictator, and it is often racist
What is fascism
148
The fascist party was elected by the Germans in 1933. They believed in German racial superiority and military expansion
Who were the Nazis (National Socialists)?
149
This alliance was formed by Germany, Japan, and Italy. All believed in military expansion and fought the Allies in World War II
What were the Axis Powers?
150
Great Britain, the United States, France, the Soviet Union, and other countries formed this alliance to fight the Axis Powers in World War II
Who were the Allied Powers?
151
This Navy base n Hawaii was bombed by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. 2400 Americans died. As a result, America joined Allied Powers in World War II
What is Pearl Harbor?
152
On this day, June 5, 1944, Allied forces invaded France in an effort to defeat the Germans
What is D-Day?
153
Some 10,000 American and Filipino soldiers died on this death march in the Philippines. It took place when the American garrison fell to the Japanese in April 1942
What is the Bataan Death March?
154
In June 1942, this battle in the middle of the Pacific helped turn the tide against the Japanese in favor of the United States
What was the Battle of Midway?
155
In this major battle in the Pacific, the United States went on the offensive. It defeated the Japanese, taking its first step in the march to push them back,
What was Guadalcanal?
156
This result of this secret project was the first atomic bomb.. It took place between 1942 and 1945
What was the Manhattan Project?
157
These are the names given to the two atomic bombs that the United States dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What are Fat Man and Little Boy?
158
This Japanese city is the fist of nly 2 cities on which an atomic bomb has been dropped. More than 100,000 civilians were killed
What is Hiroshima?
159
This Japanese city is the second of only 2 cities on which an atomic bomb has been dropped. More than 80,000 civilians were killed. Japan surrendered 6 days later.
What is Nagasaki
160
This iconic image of a strong woman dressed in overalls came to represent female factory labor during World War II. It included the phrase "we Can Do It!"
Who is Rosie the Riveter?
161
This executive order banned discriminatory employment practices for war-related work during World War II
What was Executive Order 8802
162
This squadron of Black fighter pilots during World War II earned several hundred merits and medals. In doing so, they dispelled racist myths about the abilities of Blacks
Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?
163
This act led to the internment of over 110,000 people of Japanese descent during World War II. They were placed in camps secured by barbed wire and armed guards. 70,000 of them were American citizens
What was the Alien Enemy Act?
164
This organization, which President Roosevelt believed would maintain security after World War II, was created in 1945.
What is the United Nations?
165
This bill made it possible for veterans to got to college and buy homes. While many veterans benefited, women and Black Americans did not benefit equally with white men
What is the GI Bill?
166
The invasion of this country in September 1939 prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany. This was the beginning of World War II
What is Poland?
167
What was the first military action taken by the United States against international communism?
American soldiers fought against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.
168
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan?
-Rebuild Western Europe
-Create new markets for American goods
-Generate support for capitalist democracies
169
What did NSC-68 propose?
Tripling the annual defense budget for the purpose of stopping communism
170
This country was a U.S. ally during World War II, but it became a rival once the war was over
What was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
171
This telegram from George Kennan to the U.S. State
Department described communism as "a malignant parasite" that had to be contained.
What was the Long Telegram?
172
This "war" between the United States and the Soviet Union kept the 2 sides in a constant state of tension as they exerted their influence around the world
What was the Cold War?
173
This charted, issed in August 1941, established the creation of the United Nations. It also set in motion the planning for a global economy
What was the Atlantic Charter?
174
This doctrine, announced in March 1947, supported free peoples and democratic governance. It was designed to stop Soviet expansion anywhere in the world
What was the Truman Doctrine?
175
This plan was designed to rebuild and stabilize Europe after World War II. Its purpose was to create environments where democracy could flourish.
What was the Marshall Plan?
176
This wall was built in 1961. It surrounded West Berlin to keep t separate from East Berlin and East Germany.
What was the Berlin Wall?
177
This project flew essential supplies into West Berlin for 11 months. During this time, the Soviet Union created a ground blockade around the city.
What was the Berlin Airlift?
178
This mutual defense pact was created in 1949. Its purpose was to protect its members, mainly in Western Europe, form Soviet aggression
What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?
179
This mutual defense pact was created in response to NATO. It was meant to protect its members, maily in Eastern Europe, form western aggression.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
180
On October 1, 1949, this country was established in Asia.This happened when communists led by Mao Zedong declared victory.
What is the People's Republic of China?
181
Issue on April 1950, this National Security Council memo supported a military buildup to counter the threat of communism. It guided U.S. foreign policy for decades.
What was National Security Memorandum 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security?
182
This war started in June 1950. It pitted the North, backed by the Soviet Union and China, against the South, supported by the United States and the United Nations.
What was the Korean War?
183
This theory stated that if one country was allowed to fall to communists, neighboring countries would also fall to communists
What was the Domino Theory?
184
In his farewell address in 1961, President Eisenhower cautioned Americans against this"unwarranted influence" of a "permanent armaments industry"
What is the military-industrial complex?
185
What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?
-Cuba’s invitation to the Soviet Union to install missiles
-Retaliation for the American nuclear arsenal housed in Turkey
-Hostile relations between the United States and Cuba
186
In order to test the Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregation, civil rights advocates did which of the following:
Organized the Freedom Rides
187
How did the first Freedom Ride end?
Angry mobs attacked the riders in Birmingham, Alabama. They burned one of the buses and beat the activists who escaped.
188
President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 partially in response to what event in Selma, Alabama?
“Bloody Sunday,” the beating of peaceful marchers by police officers
189
What did Lyndon Johnson call his domestic program?
The Great Society
190
The cornerstone of Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty was which program?
Community Action
191
Advertisers in the 1960s began emphasizing which of the following traits as a means of selling products?
Rebellion and individuality
192
Which group first promoted the idea that drug use could remedy feelings of alienation?
Scientists
193
Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique focused on what primary issue?
Feelings of discontent with life as a housewife
194
What was the subject of Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring?
Environmental dangers of pesticides
195
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNC) turned away from which of the group's founding principles?
Nonviolence
196
Cesar Chavez was a well-known figure of the Chicano movement. He is remembered for which of the following?
Using nonviolent tactics
197
What groups advocated for their rights in the 1969s
-Black Americans
-Native Americans
-Mexican Americans
-Women
198
What lead to violent clashes at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago?
-Protestors converged on the city
-Brutal tactics employed by the police
-Mayor Richard Daleys aggresive actions
199
In October 1962, this crisis occurred when the United States learned that the Soviet Union was installing offensive weapons in CUba
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
200
This failed invasion of Cuba in April 1961 did much to legitimize the Cuban regime. It was also a tremendous defeat for President Kennedy.
What was the Bay of Pigs?
201
In the 1960s, Black Americans fought for equal rights. This involved confrontation protests, marches, boycotts, and sit-ins.
What was the Civil Rights Movement?
202
In 1960, these events, organized by students, forced the integration of woolworth's department stores. They also promoted copycat demonstrations across the South
What were sit-ins?
203
Starting in May 1961, these rides in buses traveled through the Deep South. They forced the federal government to enforce integrated interstate buses.
What were the Freedom Rides?
204
In 1961 this movement brought together a variety of groups into a coalition
What was the Albany Movement?
205
Givin in August 1963, this speech was a call for civil rights that has raised the movement's profile to new heights.
What was Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream Speech"?
206
This president was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. Lyndon Johnson was made president.
Who was John F. Kennedy
207
This act of 1964 barred segregation in public accommodations. It also outlawed discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and national or religious origin.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
208
The activist led a protest march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama , in 1965. It earned this nickname when protesters were attacked by law enforcement.
What was Boody Sunday?
209
Promted by Bloody Sunday, this 1965 act was meant to end voting discrimination in federal, state, and local elections.
What is the VOting RIghts Act of 1965?
210
President Lyndon Johnson's sweeping vision for a package of domestic reforms was known at this. Johnson called to end poverty and racial injustice.
What was the Great Society?
211
In the summer of 1967, these riots in Los Angeles led to waves of riots throughout Americans cities.
What were the Watts riots?
212
In an effort to contain communism, the United States sent troops to fight in this country in southeast Asia. Almost 60,000 American soldiers died.
What is Vietnam?
213
This is the name given to the backlash against the social conservation of the 1950s. Much of this was expressed through popular music and consumption.
What was the counterculture?
214
This movement grew in the 1960s. It championed gender equality and drew attention to gender discrimination.
What is feminism?
215
This was a movement that made significant gains in the 1960s. It drew attention to threats to the environment.
What is environmentalism?
216
A militant message on civil rights cae form this "nation". The message encouraged Black Americans to pursue freedom, equality, and justice by "any means necessary."
What is the Nation of Islam?
217
Formed in 1961, this council draws attention to the plight of Indigenous Americans.
What is the National Indian Youth Council?
218
These 2 groups emerged in the 1960s to promote Mexican American civil rights. They confronted discrimination in schools, politics, and agriculture.
What are the Mexican American Political Association (MAPA) and the Mexican American Legal Defense Fund (MALDF)?
219
This organization was founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta in 1962. It works to combat the poor working conditions of California farmers.
What is the United Farm Works of America?
220
Violent clashes occurred at this 1968 convention in Chicago. They symbolized the anger and disillusionment felt by many is the country.
What was the Democratic National Convention?
221
What was the significance of the Tet Offensive?
It showed that the Vietcong could strike at will anywhere in South Vietnam.
222
What policy did the Nixon Doctrine state?
The U.S. would continue to support allies financially, but it denounced the practice of committing American forces to conflicts.
223
In 1972, the Watergate scandal involved which of the following?
Burglars attempting to install listening devices in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee
224
The election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 marked which of the following?
A shift towards fiscal conservatism and a hard line with the Soviet Union
225
The presidential election of 1984 convinced the Democratic Party that its future relied on what group?
Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites
226
The Boland Amendment, passed in 1982, and did what?
It barred the United States from supplying funds to the contras in their attempt to overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua.
227
Which of the following countries remained a superpower after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991?
United States
228
This offensive occurred in 1968 during the Vietnam War. It demonstrated that the enemy could still strike anywhere in the country.
What was the Tet Offensive
229
This Village in Vietnam was the scene of massacre committed by American troops. Hundreds of civilians were raped and murdered.
What is My Lai?
230
This doctrine was adopted in 1969. It announced that the United States would support allies facing military threats with economic and military aid, but not ground troops.
What was the Nixon Doctrine?
231
In 1970, protests at this university turned deadly. Students were shot and killed by National Guard troops.
What is Kent State?
232
This scandal in 1972 eventually forced the resignation of President Nixon. It also eroded public trust in the government.
What was Watergate?
233
In the 1970, this part of the country (the Midwest) saw massive economic decline.
What is the Rust Belt?
234
This Supreme Court case held that states could not interfere with a woman's right to an abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy. It was overturned in 2022
What is Roe v. Wade?
235
This Supreme Court decision of 1973 held that the First Amendment did not protect "obscene" material.
What is Miller v. California?
236
In 1969 patrons at this gay bar in New York City protested a police raid. Their protest started a national movement for gay liberation.
What is the Stonewall Inn?
237
This amendment to the constitution declared, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied... on account of sex." It was never ratified.
What is the Equal Rights Amendment
238
This "revolution" refers to the great changes in America that took place in the 1980s. These changes were political, cultural, and economic.
What was the Reagan Revolution?
239
This crisis began in 1979. Revolutionaries in Iran toppled their government and stormed the U.S. embassy
What was the Iranian hostage crisis?
240
This scandal occurred in the 1980s. Contra forces were fighting the Nicaraguan government. U.S. officials illegally helped fund the contras by selling weapons to Iran.
What was the Iran-Contra Scandal?
241
This term from the 1970s refers to a combination of inflation and stagnation
What is stagflation?
242
In 1978, President Jimmy Carter helped negotiate this peace treaty between Israeli and Egyptian leaders. It was named for a presidential retreat.
What were the Camp David Accords?
243
In the 1970s, these parts of the country (the South and Southwest) saw rapid economic expansion.
What is the Sun Belt?
244
True or False George H. W. Bush believed in the New Deal programs of President Roosevelt.
False
245
What led to the First Gulf War, also known as Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm?
Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
246
New Democrats of the 1990s believed in what?
-Free trade
-Tax cuts
-Welfare reform
247
Why did President Clinton fail to secure universal healthcare?
-Resistance from conservatives
-Attack ads funded by the healthcare industry
-Hesitancy among Democrats in Congress
248
what occurred during the Clinton administration
-Restricting access to welfare benefits
-Significant economic growth
-Passage of NAFTA
249
The 2000 presidential election was decided when:
The Supreme Court ruled that the automatic recount had to cease immediately.
250
Which of the following best describes the Bush Doctrine?
The United States should declare war to fight terrorism.
251
What was the primary rationale used to justify the Iraq War?
Saddam Hussein’s alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction
252
This president was vice president under Ronald Reagan. He was elected president in 1988. And he was the father of another president.
Who was George H. W. Bush?
253
Iraq invaded this oil-rich nation in 1990. The United States intervened with Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm in the FIrst Gulf War.
What is Kuwait?
254
This U.S. President, a New Democrat, defeated George H. W. Bush in 1992.
Who is Bill Clinton?
255
This agreement abolished trade barriers between the United States, Canada, and Mexico
What is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
256
During the Clinton administration, the military restricted gay people from serving. Clinton pushed a compromise known by this name
What is Don't Ask, Don't Tell?
257
First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton spearheaded this universal policy. Conservatives attacked her efforts, and the policy failed
What is universal healthcare?
258
On the morning of September 11, 2001, 2 towers of this structure were attacked. Hijacked passenger planes crashed into them.
What was the World Trade Center?
259
U.S. intelligence blamed the September 11 attacks on a group called al-Qaeda. This man was its leader
Who was Osama bin Laden
260
Operation Enduring Freedom began in October 2001 and targeted this country. It was the longest in U.S. history.
What is Afghanistan?
261
This election ended in a deadlock because of questions about voting in Florida. George W. Bush was awarded the presidency. He lost the popular vote by 500,000 votes.
What was the 2000 election?
262
This doctrine allows declaring war on any country of group posing a threat to the United States or its people
What was the Bush Doctrine?
263
U.S. leaders believed this country had weapons of mass destruction. So it launched a war in 2003. The weapons of mass destruction were never found
What is Iraq
264
By carrying on the policies of Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush was described as a:
Reagan Republican
265
Which presidential doctrine allowed for the declaration of war on any country or group that posed a threat to the United States:
The Bush Doctrine
266
The United States cut off supplies of war materials to this country before Pearl Harbor:
Japan
267
In 1947, which two countries received $400 million from the United States to resist communism?
Greece and Turkey
268
What is the term used to describe the set of programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to combat the effects of the Great Depression:
The New Deal
269
The United States sent troops to Vietnam because:
U.S. foreign policy held that if South Vietnam fell to communism, its neighbors would do so as well
-The government believed if one country fell to communism, its neighbors would as well. This idea is known as the Domino Theory.
270
The purpose of the New Deal was to:
Use the power of the federal government to combat the Great Depression
-The New Deal was a program that dealt with the American economy and American business.
271
Which term describes the severe droughts of the 1930s that led to an environmental catastrophe across the Great Plains:
Dust Bowl
272
The Freedom Rides:
Drew attention to the fact that many parts of the country were still segregated
-Freedom Rides brought national attention to segregation. It existed even after the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was unconstitutional.
273
This wave of politicians advocated free trade, tax cuts, and welfare reform in the 1990s:
New Democrats
-These policies, adopted by Democrats in the 1990s, are not traditional democratic policies.
274
A group of World War I veterans petitioned the government for early payment of bonuses they were due. The name of this group was:
Bonus Army
-The Bonus Army was made up of World War I veterans. President Hoover used the U.S. Army to forcibly stop their protest.
275
Liberalized economic laws and rising international investment best describe which of the following decades?
1990s
276
Iraq invaded which country, which in turn led to the First Gulf War:
Kuwait
277
What was the name of President Lyndon Johnson's plan to end poverty and injustice in the United States:
The Great Society
278
This group was seen as the future of the Democratic Party in the 1980s:
Upwardly mobile professionals and suburbanites
279
The Marshall Plan was a plan to:
Rebuild Europe after World War II
280
This civil rights movement was significant because it brought together a coalition of civil rights organizations:
The Albany Movement
281
The European Recovery Program (ERP), designed to rebuild Western Europe, open markets for American goods, and generate support for Capitalist democracies, was popularly known as the:
Marshall Plan
282
This name was given to laws that limited Black mobility. They locked many Black Americans into exploitative farming contracts:
Black Codes
283
Which presidential doctrine turned America away from the policy of active, anti-communist containment, and toward a new strategy of detente?
The Nixon Doctrine
284
Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed birthright citizenship and equal protection under the law?
Fourteenth Amendment
285
What was the name given to Lyndon Johnson's program to uplift racially and economically disenfranchised Americans:
The Great Society
286
What does the Fifteenth Amendment guarantee:
The right to vote not denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
287
Whose threatened march prompted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to sign Executive Order 8802?
A. Philip Randolph
288
What word, that many women's rights leaders objected to, did the Fourteenth Amendment introduce to the U.S. Constitution?
Male
289
In the 1990s, immigrants, in addition to migrating to traditional immigrant destinations, began moving into which region of the country?
The Southwest
290
General Lee surrendered to General Grant at a courthouse in this town:
Appomattox, Virginia
291
The most significant change in the American economy as a result of the Civil War was:
Increased presence of the federal government in the economy
292
What tariff of 1930 led to the collapse of international trade:
Smoot-Hawley
293
In 1918, in the first military action taken against international communism, the United States sent troops to:
Russia
294
Reconstruction failed because:
White southerners opposed it
295
What was the name of the organization founded after World War II that was committed to maintaining international peace and security:
The United Nations
296
What were the Filipinos fighting for in 1898?
They fought to win their freedom.
297
A group discovered that most inhabitants of the Middle East preferred independence to European rule. The name of that group, or commission, was:
King-Crane
