MODULE 1 : CYTOLOGY

Question 0

A part of slide preparation in which to obtain a rigid consistency of the specimen for sectioning

Answer 0

EMBEDDING

Question 1

A part of Slide preparation to preserve tissue morphology and architecture and prevent cell digestion

Answer 1

FIXATION

Question 2

A part of slide preparation which uses lipid solvent like Benzene or Xylene to remove Alcohol

Answer 2

CLEARING

Question 3

Part of Slide preparation where the tissue is cut for light microscopy or electron microscopy using a microtone

Answer 3

SECTIONING

Question 4

A common type of basic dye used for staining

Answer 4

HEMATOXYLIN

BLUE : nucleus; acidic regions of cytoplasm; cartilage matrix

Question 5

A common type of acidic dye used for staining

Answer 5

EOSIN

PINK : basic regions of cytoplasm; collagen fibers

Question 6

Contains the DNA that encodes the instructions for synthesis of all proteins and enzymes of the cell

Answer 6

NUCLEUS

Question 7

Contains the organelles and inclusions suspended in a fluid medium called CYTOSOL / Principal site of metabolic functions of the cell

Answer 7

CYTOPLASM

Question 8

• metabolically active
• internal cellular organs w/ specific funtions
• essential
• membrane bound

Answer 8

ORGANELLES (compare with INCLUSIONS)

Question 9

• metabolically inert
• accumulation of cell products
• dispensable
• not bounded by a membrane

Answer 9

INCLUSIONS (compare with ORGANELLES)

Question 10

Composed of phospholipids and proteins

Answer 10

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 11

Found in the OUTER and INNER SURFACE of cell

Answer 11

HYDROPHILIC head portion of lipid (plasma membrane)

Question 12

found in the MIDDLE portion of plasma membrane

Answer 12

HYDROPHOBIC tail portion of lipid

Question 13

A type of membrane protein which spans the entire width of plasma membrane

Answer 13

INTRINSIC PROTEIN

Question 14

A type of membrane protein which is found in inner or outer surface

Answer 14

EXTRINSIC PROTEIN

Question 15

Carbohydrate chains attached to proteins and/or phospholipid molecules in outer leaflet. Functions for :

• cell recognition
• intercellular adhesion
• Mechanical and Chemical protection for cell membrane

Answer 15

GLYCOCALYX

Question 16

Largest organ of the cell and contains the genetic material of the organism

Answer 16

NUCLEUS

Question 17

Sequence of three nucleotides that encode a specific amino acid

Answer 17

TRIPLET or CODON

Question 18

A sequence which provides the information for the synthesis of a particular protein

Answer 18

GENE

Question 19

Discrete bodies containing condensed and tightly coiled chromatin. Found in dividing cells

Answer 19

CHROMOSOMES

Question 20

Inactive chromatin in a condensed state

Answer 20

HETEROCHROMATIN

Question 21

Active chromatin

Answer 21

EUCHROMATIN

Question 22

Site of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Answer 22

NUCLEOLUS

Question 23

• synthesis of protein for export from cell

- synthesis of integral protein of the plasma membrane

Answer 23

ROUGH ER

Question 24

- involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids | - plays a role in the detox and metab of lipid soluble drugs and alcohol

Answer 24

SMOOTH ER

Question 25

Involves in packaging, concentrating sorting and membrane synthesis and membrane recycling

Answer 25

GOLGI APPARATUS

Question 26

Its principal biochemical activity is oxidative phosphorylation which provides energy for the cell

Answer 26

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 27

Digestive organelle of the cell

Answer 27

LYSOSOME

Question 28

Contains oxidative enzymes and catalase involved ind etoxification of alcohol, uric acid and toxic drugs

Answer 28

PEROXISOME or MICROBODIES

Question 29

Provides structural support and movement for the plasma membrane and cellular organelles.

Answer 29

CYTOSKELETON

Question 30

Interact with myosin for muscular contraction

Answer 30

MICROFILAMENT

Question 31

Serves as tracts for transport of vesicles and organelles, movement of chromosomes during mitosis

Answer 31

MICROTUBULES