Module 1 General Flashcards
(47 cards)
Primary prevention of disease
We are able to stop a disease or injury prior to occurrence (most cost-effective)
Secondary prevention of disease
We impact a disease that has already occurred, sometimes providing cures (to minimize impact)
-early detection of the potential for development of a disease or condition, or the existence of a disease while asymptomatic
Tertiary prevention of disease
We manage disease that is chronic in order for it not to progress or worsen (to minimize the impact of a disease)
Ankyloglossia
tight frenum
-feeding problems including difficulty latching or pain during nursing
Teeth eruption
-primary teeth A-T: around 7MO but may appear as early as 3-4MO and as late as 12-16MO
-complete set of permanent teeth (with exception of third molars) = have adolescent dentition
Oral Hygiene
-Help brush and floss from tooth eruption to 8yrs old
What is most effective in caries prevention?
Fluoride
How many times a day to brush teeth?
Twice
Fluoride varnish for high-risk population
aids in reducing dental caries among vulnerable children
-Dry teeth with gauze before application with small brush
-Instruct caregiver not to brush or floss or give soft foods until next morning to allow it to be absorbed into enamel
PKU Screening
Phenylketouria: autosomal recessive trait; prevalence is 1:10,000 caucasian live births
-Developed by elevated phenylalanine levels from normal neonate diet –> if untreated, severe intellectual disability, hyperactivity, seizures, a light complexion, and eczema
-Initial screening must take place within 1st MO. Thus, initial screening = ALL infants during 1st few days of life. Second screening necessary when newborn screened before 24hours of age and should be completed by second week of life
*Tx: reduce phenylalanine levels to <360 via dietary restriction. Must continue this diet throughout life.
Hypothyroidism congenital screening
-If left untreated, can lead to severe neurocognitive impairment
-Screened shortly after birth (T4 or TSH levels)
-Administer levothyroxine 10-15mcg ASAP
-If therapy initiated within 1 month of age, prognosis is good for neurocognitive ability
-Monitor levels with total T4 or FT4 concentration for initial therapy to ensure adequacy of tx
Sickle Cell Disease Screening
-Hemolysis and marked reduction in RBC lifespan, increases thickness of blood, and predisposes to inflammation, coagulation activation, and vaso-occlusion
-1:4000 African American, 1:1200 Hispanic
-IEF or HPLC determine severity of sickle cell: results indicative of possible sickle cell disease require prompt confirmation no later than 2MO of age
-Sickle cell anemia: HgbS, F, A2; Sickle cell trait: Hgb FAS (A>S)
-Hemoglobin electrophoresis (confirmatory testing) is REQUIRED
-Infants with sickle cell anemia should get prophylactic penicillin starting by age 2mO; pneumococcal immunization at recommended intervals
Rear-facing only carseat
-weight
-length
-22-25lbs
-26-35”
Rear-facing convertible
-weight
-how many point harness?
-age until forward facing?
-40-50lbs, 5 point harness equipped
-2 years old until forward facing
Booster seat use
-Use until vehicle seat belt fits properly, typically when they have reached 4ft 9in and are 8-12 yrs old
Allowable width of crib bars:
2 3/8”
Infant allowable toy size
1 3/4” in diameter or smaller than 2 inches long = choking hazard
Set water heater to what temperature?
120F
Baby blues
May appear suddenly in 3-4 days of delivery
-extra caution in women with hx of depression
-symptoms of crying, anxiety, irritation, restlessness; impatience, extreme fatigue, difficulty sleeping, frequent mood swings, poor concentration, appetite loss, trouble making decisions, feeling inadequate
*psychosis can also develop
Weight loss of baby after birth
-Should regain weight by 7-10 days after birth; should double birth weight by 6MO and triple by 1YR
Feeding and output (breastfeed)
-Breastfeed 8-12x/day
-Should have 6-8 wet diapers daily
-Normal stool is yellow-green-seedy-pasty texture
-May have 3-4 stools/day or one after each feeding
-Requires vitD supplementation
Feeding and output (formula)
-16-24oz/day; drinks about 2-4oz of formula every 2-4hr
-Never prop bottle; look at baby to promote bonding
-Should have 6-8 wet diapers daily
-Normal stool is yellow-brown pudding texture (may have 3-4 stools/day)
-Does not require vitD supplementation
ABCs for baby sleep
A: alone
B: back
C: crib
How long does it take for umbilical cord to fall off?
About 2 weeks
