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ASSOCIATES IN EMERGENCY CARE 24-25 > MODULE 1 MEDICATIONS > Flashcards

MODULE 1 MEDICATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

ALBUTUEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
CLASSIFICATION

A
  • Beta 2 Agonist
  • Sympathomimetic Bronchodialtor
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2
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
ADULT Dosages

A
  • 2.5mg - 5mg via nebulizer
  • Can be administered as a DuoNeb with 0.5mg Atrovent
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3
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
PEDIATRIC Dosages

A

OVER 2 YEARS OLD or GREATER THAN 20 kg

  • 2.5mg via nebulizer
    -can be administer as DuoNeb with 0.5 mg Atrovent

UNDER 2 YEARS OLD or LESS THAN 20 kg

  • 1.25mg via nubulizer
  • Can be administered as DuoNeb with 0.25 mg Atrovent
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4
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Mechanism of Action

A

-Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles by stimulating beta 2 receptors resulting in bronchodialation and decrease airway resistance

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5
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Pharmacokinetics

A

-onset of action within 5 to 15 minutes after inhalation, usually prompt improvement

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6
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Indications

A
  • Bronchial Asthma
  • Bronchospasm due to
    •anaphylaxis
    •Inhalation of toxic inhalation
    •burns
  • COPD
  • Chronic Bronchitis
  • Emphysema
  • Crush Syndrome (greater than 4hrs)
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7
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Contraindications

A

-Known Hypersensitivity
-Tachydysrythmias

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8
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
Adverse Reactions

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Tremors
  • Throat irritations
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Dry mouth
  • Anxiety
  • Palpitations
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9
Q

ALBUTEROL SULFATE (Proventil, Ventolin)
PEARLS

A
  • 1st dose administered in conjunction with Atrovent. Subsequent doses are Albuterol ONLY.
  • 6 to 8 LMP O2 necessary to activate nebulizer medications
  • Medication chamber must remain upright for effective delivery
  • Nebulizers can be adapted to accommodate a mask or for use during BVM and/or ET intubation administration
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10
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Classification

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • Bronchodilator
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11
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
ADULT Dosages

A
  • 0.5 mg via nebulizer
  • Adminster as DuoNeb with 2.5 mg Albuterol
  • NO repeat Dosage for Atrovent
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12
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
PEDIATRIC Dosages

A

OVER 2 YEARS OLD or OVER 20 kg

  • 0.5mg via nebulizer with 2.5 mg Albuterol

UNDER 2 YEARS OLD or UNDER 20 kg

  • 0.25 mg via nebulizer with 1.25 mg Albuterol
  • NO Repeat dosage for Atrovent
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13
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Indications

A
  • Bronchial Asthma
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Burns
  • Toxic Inhalation
  • COPD
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic Bronchitis
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14
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Mechanism of Action

A
  • Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle
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15
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Contraindications

A
  • Known Hypersensitivity to Ipratopium Bromide AND/OR Atropine
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16
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
Adverse Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Blurred vision
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17
Q

IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE (Atrovent)
PEARLS

A
  • Soy and Peanut allergies may be a contraindication for Atrovent. The soy lecithin indgrient that causes the cascade is found in Combivent MDI’s
  • Always follow local protocols
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18
Q

MAGNEIUM SULFATE
Classification

A
  • Antidysrythmia
  • Anticonvulsant
  • Electrolyte
  • CNS Depressant
  • Smooth Muscle Relaxant
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19
Q

MAGNEISUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Eclamptic Seizure

A
  • 4 g Diluted in 50 ml normal saline (OR D5W)
  • Slow IV infusion over 5 - 10 min
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20
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Status Asthmaticus

A
  • 1 to 2 g in 50 ml normal saline (OR D5W)
  • IVP over 5 - 10 minutes
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21
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Torsades de Pointes w/ pulse

A
  • 2 g diluted in 50 ml D5W
  • Slow IVP over 10 min
22
Q

MAGNEIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Refractory VF and Torsades de Pointes WITHOUT pulse

ADULT

A

ADULT

  • 1 to 2 g diluted in 50 ml D5W
  • Slow IVP over 2 min
23
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
DOSAGE - Refractory VF and Torsades de Pointes WITHOUT pulse

PEDIATRIC

A

PEDIACTRIC

  • 25 to 50 mg /kg in 50 ml
  • Slow IV/IO over 2 minutes.
    MAX DOSE OF 2 G
24
Q

MAGNESIUM SULFATE
Mechanism of Action

A
  • As an antidysrhymthmic, Magnesium Sulfate is a physiological Calcium Channel Blocker that reduces SA node impulse formation and prolongs conduction in the myocardium
  • As an anticonvulsant, Magnesium Sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine at the myoneural junction
25
MAGNESIUM SULFATE Indications
- Preeclampsia/Eclampsia - Status Asthmaticus - Torsades des Pointes - Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation - Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia w/ suspected hypomagnesemia
26
MAGNESIUM SULFATE Contraindications
- Myasthenia Gravis - Impaired renal function ( Includes dialysis patients)
27
MAGNESIUM SULFATE Pearls
- Torsades de Pointes may require doses of 5 to 9 g of Magnesium Sulfate - As a smooth muscle relaxant, Magnesium Sulfate is an effective second line intervention for refractory asthma - If eclamptic seizures are refractory to Magnesium Sulfate, proceed to Benzodiazepine medication
28
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) Classification
- Corticosteroid - Anti-inflammatory - Suppresses immune response (especially in allergic reactions)
29
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) ADULT Dosage
- 125 mg slow IV/IM/IO
30
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) PEDIATRIC Dosage
- 2 mg/kg - Slow IV/IO/IM *MAX DOSE 125 mg
31
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) Mechanism of Action
- Onset of action is within 1 to 6 hours - Thought to stabilize cellular and intracellular membranes - Enters target cells and causes many complex reactions that are responsible for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects
32
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) Indications
- Allergic reactions - Anaphylaxis - Asthma - COPD
33
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to the drug - Systemic fungal infection - Premature infant *** Act-O-Vial contains Benzyl Alcohol (fatal to premature infants)
34
METHYLPREDNISOLONE (Solu-Medrol) Adverse Effects
- None from a single dose
35
NALOXONE (Narcan) Classification
- **NAR**catic **AN**tagonist (Opioids)
36
NALOXONE (Narcan) ADULT Dosage
- 0.4 to 2.0 mg IV/IO/IM - 2 mg/2ml IN *** Repeat as necessary to maintain respiratory activity/drive
37
NALOXONE (Narcan) PEDIATRIC Dosage
- 0.1 mg/kg IVP/IO/IM/IN ***MAX initial dose of 2 mg * Maximum total dose of 0.5 mg/kg *** may be repeated as necessary to maintain respiratory activity/drive
38
NALOXONE (Narcan) Mechanism of Action
- Reverses all effects due to opioid agents * Reverse the respiratory depression * Reverse Central AND Peripheral Nervous System effects
39
NALOXONE (Narcan) Pharmacokinetics
- Onset of action within a few minutes if administered IV - Intramuscular and Endotracheal administration results in a slower onset of action - May require additional doses and transport to hospital since narcotics last longer than Naloxone
40
NALOXONE (Narcan) Indications
- To reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression induced by opiates
41
NALOXONE (Narcan) Contraindications
- Newborns/Neonates of addicted mothers. *** Usage may cause seizures due to abrupt withdrawal
42
NALOXONE (Narcan) Adverse Effects
- Not clinically significant
43
NALOXONE (Narcan) PEARLS
- May induce opiate withdrawal opiate addicted patients - Certain drugs may require much higher doses than are currently use - Should be administered and titrated to return respiratory drive but not intended to restore full consciousness
44
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) Classification
- Anti-emetic
45
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) ADULT Dosage
- 4 mg undiluted IV - 4 mg ODT Tablet dissolved in mouth
46
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) PEDIATRIC Dosage
- 0.1 mg/kg undiluted slow IV ***MAX DOSE OF 4 mg GREATER THAN 2 YEARS OLD - 4 mg ODT tablet dissolved in mouth LESS THAN 2 YEARS OLD - 2 mg ODT Tablet dissolved in mouth (Cut 4 mg in half)
47
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) Mechanism of Action
- MOA not fully understood but it is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
48
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) Indications
- Control & Prevention of nausea and vomiting
49
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) Contraindications
- Known Hypersensitivity - Prolonged QT Syndrome
50
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE (Zofran) Adverse Effects
- Chest pain (rarely) - EKG changes - Headache - Fever - Blurred vision - Gastrointestinal symptoms

ASSOCIATES IN EMERGENCY CARE 24-25 (11 decks)

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