MODULE 2 MEDICATIONS Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
d
ASPIRIN
CLASSIFICATION
A
- Antiplatetlet
- Antipyretic
- Anti-Inflammatory
- Analgesic
2
Q
ASPIRIN
DOSAGE
ADULT
A
- 81mg - 324mg (1 - 4 pills)
3
Q
ASPIRIN
INDICATION
A
- Chestpain of suspected cardiac origin
- Acuted cornonary syndromes (with or without suspected chest pain
4
Q
ASPIRIN
CONTRADICTION
A
- Allergy to Asprin
- Any bleeding disorders
5
Q
ASPIRIN
ADVERSE EFFECTS
A
- Allergic reaction
- Bleeding
6
Q
ASPIRIN
MECHANISM OF ACTION
A
- Prevents formation of Thromboxane A2, inhibitiung the clotting caseade4 by decreasing platelet aggregation
- Prolongs bleeding times
7
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CLASSIFICATION
A
- Antihistamine
8
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
INDICATIONS
A
- Allergic reactions
- Anaphyaxis
- Dystonic reatctions (Extrapyramidal symptoms)
- Chemical restraint
9
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
ADULT
DOSAGE
A
- 25 - 50 mg IV/IO/IM
10
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
DOSAGE
PEDIATRIC
A
- 1mg/kg IV/IO/IM
- MAX SINGLE DOSE 25mg
11
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
CONTRAINDICATIONS
A
- Know allergy to Diphenhydranmine
- Acute Ashtma exacerbation
12
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
ADVERSE EFFECTS
A
- Drowsiness
- Loss of coordination
- Blurred vision
- Headache
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
- Thickening of pronchial secertions leading to chest tighttness and wheezing
13
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
MECHANISM OF ACTION
A
- H1 Receptor antagonist blocking histamine from binding, reducing allergic, and anaphylactic response and allergy cascade
14
Q
DIPHENHYDRANMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
PHARMACOKINETICS
A
- Effect begins within 1-5 minutes of IV dose
- Peak effect 1 to 4 hours
- metabolized by the liver
15
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
CLASSIFICATION
A
- Adrenergic Catecholamine
- Sympathomimetic (Vasopressor)
16
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
DOSAGE
CARDIAC ARREST
A
- ADULT
- 1mg (1:10,000) IVP every 3 - 5 min
- PEDIACTRIC
- 0.01 mg/kg (0.1ml/kg) (1:10,000) IV/IO every 3 - 5 min
17
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
DOSAGE
ROSC
A
- 0.1 - 0.5 mcg/kg/min
- Standard concentration = 1mg EPI/250ml NS
18
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA (UNSTABLE)
DOSAGE
A
- ADULT
- 2 - 10 mcg/min, mix 1 mg EPI in 250ml D5W
- PEDIATRIC
- 0.01 mg/kg (1:10,000) IO/IV, every 3-5 min
19
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
DOSAGE
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK / ASTHMA
A
- ADULT
- 0.3 - 0.5 mg (1:1,000) SQ/IM
- PEDIATRIC
- 0.01 mg/kg (1:10,000) SQ/IM… MAX SINGLE DOSE 0.3mg
20
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK / ASTHMA WITH LIFE THREATENING MANIFESTATIONS
DOSAGE
A
- Concider 0.1mg (1:10,000) Slow IV/IO Infusion over 5 min
21
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
CROUP
DOSAGE
A
- PEDIATRIC
- 1:1,000 3mg Via nebulizer: Dilute in 3ml normal saline
If no improvement, repeat initial dose ONCE
- 1:1,000 3mg Via nebulizer: Dilute in 3ml normal saline
22
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
INDICATIONS
A
- Cardiac arrest
- Anaphylaxis
- Bronchial sthma
- Respiratory stridor (suspected croup)
- Symptomatic Bradycardia
- Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
23
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
CONTRAINDICATIONS
A
- Hypertension
- None in cardiac arrest settings
24
Q
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
ADVERSE EFFECTS
A
- Tachydysrhythmias (supraventricular and ventricular)
- Hypertension
- Headache
- Nervousness
- Tremors/Shakes
- May endude early labor in pregnant women
- Rebound edma in croup patients, 20 - 30 min after administration
25
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
| MECHANISM OF ACTION
* Administration of Epinephen causes "Fight or Flight" response
* Alpha - Peripherial vasoconstriction
* Beta 1- Increases inotropy, chronotropy, dromotropy, & automaticity
* Beta 2 - Bronchodialation and skeletal muscle vasodialtion
26
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
| PHARMACOKINETICS
* IV administation has VERY RAPID onset of action
* Rapidly inactivated by liver
* Subcutaneous administation slower due to local vasoconstriction
* Epi has vasoconstriction properties in respiratory tract, which result in reduction of mucosal and submucosal edema
27
EPINEPHRINE 1:1000/1:10000
| PEARLS
* Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate or Furosemide as this deactivates Epinephrine
* Epi causes dramatic increase in myocardial oxygen demand
* IV Epi should be reserved for cardiac arrest and for impending cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis
28
FUROSEMIDE
| CLASSIFICATION
Loop diuretic
29
FUROSEMIDE
| DOSAGE
* 0.5 - 1 mg/kg IV/IO
* 40 mg if taking Lasix
* 80 mg if NOT taking Lasix
30
FUROSEMIDE
| INDICATIONS
* CHF
* Pulmonary edema
31
FUROSEMIDE
| CONTRAINDICATION
* Hypovolemia / Dehydration
* Hypokalemia / Electrolyte depletion
32
FUROSEMIDE
| ADVERSE EFFECTS
* Hypotension
* Electrolyte imbalances
33
FUROSEMIDE
| MECHANISM OF ACTION
* Inhibits the reabsorbtion of Sodium Chloride in the Loop of Henle abnd proximal tubule of the nephron in the kidneys.
* Water follows salt.... water is not reabsorbed and is then excreted into the bladder and is released as urine
34
MORPHINE SULFATE
| CLASSIFICATION
* Narcotic analgesic
35
MORPHINE SULFATE
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION/ PULMONARY EDEMA
| DOSAGE
* 2 - 10 mg IV/IO/IM for pain not relieved by Nirtoglycerin
36
MORPHINE SULFATE
BURN INJURY
| DOSAGE
* 2 - 20 mg IV/IO/IM
37
MORPHINE SULFATE
ISOLATED INJURIES
| DOSAGE
* 2 - 10 mg IV/IO/IM
* Additional 2 - 10 mg UP TO 20 mg or until pain is relieved
38
MORPHINE SULFATE
ISOLATED INJURIES
PEDIATRIC
| DOSAGE
* 0.1 mg/kg IV/IM
* Systolic BP must be over 100 mmHG
* MAX TOTAL DOSE 10mg
39
MORPHINE SULFATE
| INDICATIONS
* Acute Myocardial Infarction
* Isolated injuries
* Pulmonary edema/CHF
* Burns
40
MORPHINE SULFATE
| CONTRAINDICATIONS
* Head injury
* Multiple system trauma (Relative)
* COPD with compromised respiratory effort
* Hypotension
* Sensitivity to Morphine, Codeine, Percodan
41
MORPHINE SULFATE
| ADVERSE EFFECTS
* Increased vagal tone due to suppresion of sympathetic pathways (slowed heart rate)
* Respiratoty depression / arrest
* Altered mental status
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Bronchospasm
* itch
42
MORPHINE SULFATE
| MECHANISM OF ACTION
* Decreases pain perception and anxiety
* Decreases respiratory effort
* Causes peripheral dialation which decreases preload
* Decreases left ventricular afterload
43
MORPHINE SULFATE
| PHARMACOKINETICS
* Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS, altering perception to pain
* Onset of actions < 5 min after administration. Effects last 4 - 5 hrs
* Casuses peripheral arterial & venous vasodilation
44
NITROGLYCERIN
| CLASSIFICATION
* Nitrate
* Vasodilator
45
NITROGLYCERIN
CHEST PAIN
| DOSAGE
* 0.4 mg SL (Sublingual) every 3 - 5 min
* MAX DOSE 1.2 mg
46
NITROGLYCERIN
PULMONARY EDEMA / CHF
| DOSAGE
* 0.4 mg SL (Sublingual) repeat 3 - 5 min if symptoms persist
* 1 inch Nitro paste to chest wall
*** If hypotension occurs due to administration, wipe site with gauze
47
NITROGLYCERIN
| INDICATIONS
* Treatment of angina
* Congestive heart failure
* Acute pulmonary edema
* Symptomatic hypertensive crisis
48
NITROGLYCERIN
| CONTRAINDICATIONS
* Known hypersensitivity
* Pediatrics under 12 y/o
* Viagra/Levitra/Cialis ingestion in the last 24hrs
* Asymptomatic Hypertension
* BP below 90 mmHg
* Right side MI (Positive ST segment elevation V4R)
49
NITROGLYCERIN
| ADVERSE EFFECTS
* Headache
* Hypotension
* Nausea & Vomiting
* Dizziness
* Decreased LOC
50
NITROGLYCERIN
| MECHANISM OF ACTION
* Vasodilator - effect on veins more than arteries
* Decrease right heart return (preload) by venous pooling, thereby decreasing myocardial workload and oxygen consumption
51
NITROGLYCERIN
| PHARMACOKINETICS
* Absorbed through oral mucosa or scin
* Antianginal and vasodilatory effects within 1-2 min after administation
* Half-life is 1 - 4 min. Duration is less than 5 min.
