Module 1 MiniModule 4: Microbiology of the Skin and Ears Flashcards
What is normal microbiota?
Microorganisms that live (reside, multiply) in different body sites of an individual
Which are the most common bacteria isolated from the skin of a dog?
- Staphylococcus spp (gram +)
- S. pseudintermedius*
- S. schleiferi
(T/F) Pyogranulomatous infections are difficult to diagnose and treat
True
List examples of normal microbiota found in the skin of dogs:
- Staphylococcus spp
- Malassezia spp
Definition:
Microorganisms that colonize the host for short periods of time
Transient Microbiota
- usually don’t reproduce in the host
- usually eliminated by host
- usually do not persist for a long defenses
List examples of environmental microorganisms:
- Pseudomonas spp
- Aspergillus spp (tends to be a transient microorganism)
Definition:
Organisms that can become pathogenic following a perturbation to their host (e.g., disease, wound, medication, prior infection, immunodeficiency, and aging)
Opportunistic Microorganisms
(T/F) Transient and/or normal microbiota can NOT become “opportunistic” pathogens
False, they can become opportunistic pathogens
Definition:
It is typically used to differentiate S. aureus from other Gram + cocci
Coagulase Test
The following are examples of ….
- S. aureus
- S. intermedius Group (SIG)
- S. schleiferi
Pathogenic Staphylococcus
The following are examples of …
- S. epidermidis
- S. xylosis
- S. warneri
Non-pathogenic Staphylococcus
In what species is S. aureus considered a normal microbiota?
Humans
- A high % of humans are colonized
In animals, S. aureus is most likely considered a __________ microbiota
Transient
- dogs will spontaneously decolonize S. aureus (2-3 weeks)
(T/F) Staphylococcus pseudintermedius can become pathogenic
True, this is due to virulence factors
The following clinical signs are associated with …
- pyogenic bacteria
- wound infections
- respiratory disease: pneumonia
- joint infections
Streptococcus spp (Gram +)
- Beta-hemolytic (S. canis, S. equi subsp zooepidemicus)
- Gram-negative bacilli, found in the environment
- Superficial - deep infections - wound infections in humans and many animal species
- When clinically important, it is difficult to treat -> Multidrug-resistant (antimicrobial) ** important to know **
- Many virulence factors. Produce pyocyanin pigment -> green color
- Biofilm
This is describing what?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Other Gram-negative “rods”:
Normal microbiota (commensal) of the oral and nasal mucosal surfaces
Pasteurella spp
Other Gram-negative “rods”:
Several members of this group are normal microbiota (commensal) in the intestine of animals and humans
Enterobacterales
- E. coli
- Proteus spp
- Klebsiella spp
- Enterobacter spp
Definition:
An infection confined to the superficial portion of the hair follicle (superficial skin infection)
Superficial pyoderma (bacterial folliculitis)
- Etiology: S. pseudintermedius
List the Clinical Signs for Superficial Pyoderma in dogs:
- Erythematous papules
- Pustules
- Variable:
- Crusts
- Papules
- Alopecia
What would be the best diagnosis for Superficial pyoderma in dogs?
- Cytology *
- Culture & Susceptibility
Definition:
Refers to diffuse infection and inflammation along tissue planes (going a bit deeper into the skin)
Cellulitis
- Etiology: Pasteurella multocida, S. pseudintermedius
What is the spp most commonly associated with cat scratch cellulitis?
Pasteurella multocida
List the signs of Deep pyoderma:
- Hemorrhagic bulla, draining sinuses, ulcers, edema, and severe inflammation
- Hemorrhagic and/or purulent discharge
- Pain
- Etiology: S. pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
