Module 1: Organic Chemistry Flashcards by JANE DAISIREE RANCAP

Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an:
A.) Phenoxyethyl
B.) Isoxazoyl
C.) Imidazole
D.) Benzyl
E.) Methoxypheny

Isoxazoyl

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Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

Halogen substituents are best placed in what position?
A.) 1,2-substitution
B.) 1,3-substitution
C.) 1,4-substitution
D.) Both A and B
E.) Both A and C

1,2-substitution

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Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection?
A.) Klebsiella
B.) Enterobacter
C.) Pseudomonas
D.) Staphylococci
E.) Streptococci

Staphylococci

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Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

Adding more than 1 chloride atoms in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug?
A.) Liberation
B.) Absorption
C.) Distribution
D.) Metabolism
E.) Excretion

Distribution

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Refer to the structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure?
A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase
B.) Increasing the plasma concentration
C.) Acid resistance property
D.) Increase in parenteral absorption
E.) Increase in oral absorption

Increasing the plasma concentration

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Preservatives like parabens increase their preservative property by
A.) Reducing the parent compound
B.) Decreasing molecular weight
C.) Attaching a halogen to the parent compound
D.) Substituting the parent compound with a lipophilic group
E.) Increasing the molecular weight

Increasing the molecular weight

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Sodium pump is an example of
A.) enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptor
B.) G-protein coupled receptor
C.) Ion- channel
D.) Gene transcription-linked receptor
E.) None of the above

Ion- channel

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This is an approach in drug discovery wherein there is already an existing drug that can be used to identify a new lead compound?
A.) Random Screening
B.) Molecular Docking
C.) Parent compound modification
D.) Biotechnology techniques
E.) Rational Drug Design

Random Screening

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Azeotropic distillation of benzene is done in what concentration of ethanol?
A.) 95%
B.) 70%
C.) 50%
D.) 99%
E.) 10%

99%

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Radical reactions may also proceed using this reagent
A.) Bromine water
B.) Hydrogen peroxide
C.) Nitric acid
D.) Sodium oxalate
E.) Potassium bitartrate

Hydrogen peroxide

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For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction

What is the reagent needed for the first reaction?
A.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent
B.) CH3 Cl/AlCl3
C.) HNO3/H2SO4
D.) NaOH/ Reducing agent
E.) CH3Br/NaNH2

CH3Cl/AlCl3

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For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction

The product formed with the reaction is
A.) Benzyl alcohol
B.) Phenol
C.) Benzoic acid
D.) Xylene
E.) Anisole

Benzoic acid

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For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction

The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A.) CH3Br/NaNH2
B.) NaOH/Reducing agent
C.) CH3COCl/AlCl3
D.) HNO3/H2SO4
E.) NaOH/ Oxidizing agent

HNO3/H2SO4

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For numbers 11-14, refer to the series of the reaction

The reagent needed for the reaction to proceed is
A) NaOH/Oxidizing agent
B) CH3Br/NaNH2/NO2
C) H2O/H2SO4
D) NaOH/Reducing agent
E) NBS

NaOH/Reducing agent

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When a carbonyl group reacts with a secondary amine, what will be the resulting product?
A.) Imine
B.) Amide
C.) Tertiary amine
D.) Enamine
E.) Secondary amine

Enamine

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The addition of hydrogen molecule to an alkene is catalyzed by what metal?
A.) Silver
B.) Palladium
C.) Berrylium
D.) Gallium
E.) Osmium

Palladium

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Methoxybenzene is also known as _____
A.) Anisole
B.) Toluene
C.) Aniline
D.) Xylene
E.) Anethole

Anisole

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Which of the following compounds can be use to synthesize primary alcohol?
A.) Propane
B.) Formaldehyde
C.) 3-chloropentane
D.) Acetone
E.) Ethanamine

Propane

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Which of the following cephalosporin is excreted in bile?
A.) Cefixime
B.) Cefotaxime
C.) Ceftriaxone
D.) Moxalactam
E.) Loracarbef

Ceftriaxone

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Preservatives use for molds
A.) Ethylparaben
B.) Methylparaben
C.) Butylparaben
D.) Propylparaben
E.) Isopropylparaben

Methylparaben

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Which is true about drug absorption?
I. For weakly acidic drug, it must e in its unionized form
II. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its ionized form
III. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its unionized form
IV. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its ionized form
A.) I, II, III
B.) I and III
C.) II and IV
D.) III and IV
E.) I and III

I and III

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Refer to the general structure of penicillin

This anti-convulsant compound is susceptible to what metabolic pathway?
A.) Aromatic hydroxylation
B.) Methylation
C.) Sulfate conjugation
D.) Oxidative deamination
E.) GSH conjugation

Aromatic hydroxylation

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For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin

Which of the following will confer resistance against beta lactamases when synthesizing analogs of penicillin?
A.) Halogens
B.) Ring deactivators
C.) Electron withdrawing group
D.) Bulky group
E.) Ring activators

Bulky group

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For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin

What functional group is being modified if formulation into a salt is needed?
A.) Amide
B.) Carboxylic acid
C.) Carbonyl
D.) Alkyl
E.) 225g

Carbonyl

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For numbers 24-26, refer to the general structure of penicillin 26. What is the functional group attached to the beta lactam ring? A.) Aryl amide B.) Acyl amide C.) Polyamide D.) Carboxyamide E.) Phenylamide

Aryl amide

27. Which of the following is true on ideal antiseptic? I. Low toxicity II. Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms III. High surface tension IV. Non-irritating and non-allergenic A.) I, II, IV B.) III only C.) I, II, III, IV D.) II and III E.) III and IV

I, II, IV

28. Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme A.) Creatinine kinase B.) Pyruvate kinase C.) Alanine aminotransferase D.) Creatinine phosphokinase E.) Thrombin

Alanine aminotransferase

For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 29. The functional group in the box is an additional chemical entity of this drug that makes it a prodrug, what is the probable reason of adding that moiety to the parent compound? A.) Increase in absorption B.) Increase in palatability C.) Decrease in Protein binding D.) Increase in solubility E.) Decrease in absorption

Increase in palatability

For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 30. The main functional group of this prodrug is a/an A.) Amide B.) Nitro C.) Alcohol D.) Ester E.) Acyl halide

Ester

For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 31. When the drug will undergo metabolism, which of the following enzymes will act on it? A.) Ligases B.) Hydrolases C.) Transferases D.) Isomerases E.) Lyases

Hydrolases

For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 32. When the drug is acted upon by different enzymes during its metabolism, what is/are the products? A.) Alcohol B.) Amide C.) Carboxylic acid D.) A and B E.) B and C

Amide

For numbers 29-33, Refer to the structure of this antibacterial agent 33. This drug is an example of A.) Cell wall synthesis inhibitor B.) Cell membrane disruptor C.) Protein synthesis inhibitor D.) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor E.) Alkylating agent

Protein synthesis inhibitor

34. The compound use to identify the partition coefficient in-vitro A.) Tert-butyl alcohol B.) Phenol C.) Isopentyl alcohol D.) N-octanol E.) Benzyl alcohol

N-octanol

35. Isoniazid is metabolized by humans principally by A.) Acetylation B.) Deamination C.) Methylation D.) Conjugation E.) Oxidation

Deamination

36. The total affinity of the ligand to its receptor A.) Intrinsic activity B.) Agonistic activity C.) Avidity D.) Antagonistic activity E.) Agonistic affinity

Avidity

37. Dimethylbenzene is also known as A.) Anisole B.) Aniline C.) Xylene D.) Phenol E.) Ethylene

Xylene

For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below 38. The type of bond that exists in the structure A.) Amide bond B.) Ether bond C.) Tert-amine bond D.) Ester bond E.) Glycosidic bond

Amide bond

For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below 39. This compound may produce the following effects, except A.) Vasoconstriction B.) Bradycardia C.) Metallic taste D.) CNS depression E.) Sodium channel blockage

Vasoconstriction

For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below 40. The compound is an example of what class of drugs? A.) Anesthetic B.) Barbiturate C.) Sedatives D.) Analgesic E.) Anxiolytics

Anesthetic

For numbers 38-41, refer to the structure below 41. The absorption of this compound is governed by what equation? A.) Noyes-Whitney equation B.) Fick’s Law of Diffusion C.) Beer’’s Law D.) Henderson-Hasselbalch equation E.) None of the above

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

42. This compound is derived from the destructive distillation of castor oil and it is use as a keratolytic agent A.) Salicylic acid B.) Undecylanic acid C.) Benzoic acid D.) Chrysarobin E.) Propionic acid

Undecylanic acid

43. The following are example of G protein coupled receptors, except A.) GABA receptors B.) Beta-2 receptors C.) Muscarinic receptors D.) Alpha -1 receptors E.) Beta -1 receptors

GABA receptors

44. DNA Alkylating agent binds to its target by means of what bond? A.) Hydrogen bonding B.) Electrostatic bonding C.) Hydrophobic bonding D.) Ionic bonding E.) Covalent bonding

Covalent bonding

45. In the presence of a full agonist, a partial agonist becomes A.) Agonist B.) Antagonist C.) Partial agonist D.) Inverse agonist E.) No effect

Antagonist

46. A long-acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor A.) Rosuvastatin B.) Lovastatin C.) Fluvastatin D.) Simvastatin E.) Pravastatin

Rosuvastatin

47. This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market A.) CYP 2D6 B.) CYP 3A4 C.) CYP 2A9 D.) CYP 1A2 E.) CYP 2D10

CYP 3A4

48. A theory that advances the idea that maximum pharmacologic effect can be obtained if all the receptors are occupied A.) Hypothesis of Paton B.) Lock and Key Theory C.) Hypothesis of Clark D.) Induced fit theory E.) Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson

Hypothesis of Paton

49. The anti-angina effect of nitrates is primarily due to the release of what gas? A.) Nitrous oxide B.) Dinitrogen oxide C.) Nitrogen dioxide D.) Nitric oxide E.) Dinitrogen dioxide

Nitric oxide

50. Diuretic that acts on the distal convulated tubule A.) Indapamide B.) Furosemide C.) Ethacrinic acid D.) Acetazolamide E.) Spironolactone

Indapamide

51. What is 1,4- dihydroxybenzene? A.) Catechol B.) Phenol C.) Xylene D.) Hydroquinone E.) Resorcinol

Hydroquinone

52. Halogenation of alkanes is possible in what type of reaction? A.) Substitution B.) Elimination C.) Radical reactions D.) Addition E.) Combustion

Radical reactions

53. Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position? A.) Ortho position B.) Meta position C.) Para position D.) Both A and B E.) Both A and C

Both A and C

54. This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH A.) Ether B.) Acid anhydride C.) Amide D.) Acyl halide E.) Ester

Acid anhydride

For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl® 55. The drug is a derivative of A.) Catechol B.) Phenol C.) Xylene D.) Hydroquinone E.) Resorcinol

Resorcinol

For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl® 56. The compound is not affected by which enzyme during its metabolism? A.) COMT B.) MAO C.) Carboxylases D.) Both A and B E.) Both A and C

COMT

For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl® 57. The compound is a selective agonist of what receptor? A.) Alpha 1 B.) M1 C.) Beta 1 D.) Beta 2 E.) N1

Beta 2

For numbers 55-58, Refer to the structure of Bricanyl® 58. The compound is used to manage A.) Hypertension B.) Asthma C.) Glaucoma D.) Arrhythmia E.) Hypotension

Asthma

59. Benzene undergoes what type of reaction? A.) Nucleophilic substitution B.) Electrophilic addition C.) Electrophilic substitution D.) Radical reactions E.) Nucleophilic addition

Electrophilic substitution

60. Which of the following carbocation intermediate is the most stable? A.) Primary B.) Secondary C.) Tertiary D.) Quarternary E.) None of the above

Tertiary

61. Regioselectivity of an organic reaction in which the orientation of the substituents stabilizes the product is governed by A.) Le Chatelier’s Principle B.) Markovnikov’s Rule C.) Heck Reaction D.) Hund’s Rule E.) Pauli’s Principle

Markovnikov's Rule

62. An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes A.) Electrophilic attack B.) Hydrophobic attack C.) Hydrophilic attack D.) Hydrogen shift E.) Tautomerization

Tautomerization

For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug 63. The affinity of the drug to the ______ receptor exerts an anxiolytic and hypnotic effects A.) Glutamate B.) Histamine C.) Gamma-aminobutyric acid D.) Glycine E.) Dopamine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug 64. The binding affinity of the compound to its receptor is highly influenced by_______ in its structure A.) Benzene ring B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring C.) Carbonyl moiety D.) Imidazole ring E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring

Chloro substituted benzene ring

For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug 65. Increase the concentration of _______ ions in the cell makes this drug a sedative - hypnotic. A.) Calcium B.) Chloride C.) Phosphate D.) Potassium E.) Sodium

Chloride

For numbers 63-66, refer to the structure of an anxiolytic drug 66. An essential moiety for this compound to exert its sedative hypnotic effect A.) Benzene ring B.) Chloro substituted benzene ring C.) Carbonyl moiety D.) Imidazole ring E.) Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring

Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring

67. The acetylation of morphine yields A.) Codeine B.) Papaverine C.) Noscapine D.) Heroin E.) Thebaine

Heroin

68. Primidone is a prodrug that is converted into A.) Entacapone B.) Diazepam C.) Phenobarbital D.) Carbamazepine E.) Aminophylline

Phenobarbital

69. The structure of Zovirax is an analog of A.)Thymine B.) Adenine C.) Guanosine D.) Uracil E.) Cytosine

Guanosine

70. What is the difference of the structure of Zovirax to the conventional Nucleic acid base? A.) It contains a ribose moiety B.) It contains a deoxyribose moiety C.) It contains an open sugar moiety D.) There is a substituted amino group E.) The hydroxyl group is not attached in the oxygen atom

It contains an open sugar moiety

71. The structure of Zovirax® competitively inhibits what enzyme? A.) DNA polymerase B.) Reverse transcriptase C.) Ligase D.) RNA polymerase E.) Protease

DNA polymerase

72. Zovirax® is effective against the strain of A.) Varicella B.) HSV C.) Vesicular Slomatitis Virus D.) All of the above E.) None of the above

All of the above

73. In phenols, substitution at _______ position increases bactericidal activity A.) Ortho B.) Meta C.) Para D.) All of the above E.) None of the above

Para

74. C3H6O can be a/an A.) Ketone B.) Ether C.) Aldehyde D.) Both A and B E.) Both A and C

Both A and B

75. Zero order drug metabolism A.) Saturated Kinetics B.) Rate of metabolism is in constant concentration C.) Rate of metabolism is not over time due to the presence of enzymes D.) Dose dependent E.) Constant fraction of the drug is metabolize

Saturated Kinetics

76. Carbamazepine undergoes what Phase I metabolism reaction? A.) Aromatic hydroxylation B.) Olefinic carbon oxidation C.) Oxidative deamination D.) Allylic carbon oxidation E.) Reduction of the - OH group

Olefinic carbon oxidation

77. Thiopental is being converted into pentobarbital upon metabolism by what pathway? A.) Oxidation B.) Desulfuration C.) Dealkylation D.) Reduction E.) Direct amine conjugation

Desulfuration

78. Which of the following is true about penciclovir? A.) The structure is similar to acyclovir, except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group B.) Short half life in tissues compared to acyclovir C.) Competes for the viral RNA Polymerase and inhibits its synthesis D.) It acts as a chain terminator E.) All of the above

The structure is similar to acyclovir except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group

79. The first type of drugs for HIV to be available A.) NNRTI B.) NRTI C.) Entry inhibitors D.) Protease inhibitors E.) Integrase inhibitors

NRTI

80. Which of the following HIV drugs is also used for Hepatitis B infection? A.) Azidothymidine B.) Saquinavir C.) Didanosine D.) Lamivudine E.) Efavirenz

Lamivudine

81. Metabolic disorder is commonly seen in what type of HIV drugs? A.) Integrase inhibitors B.) Protease inhibitors C.) NNRTI D.) NRTI E.) Entry inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

82. Acylation of the Ring II of aminoglycosides produces ______ A.) Amikacin B.) Streptomycin C.) Tobramycin D.) Gentamicin E.) Kanamycin

Amikacin

83. Coordination of what metal in tetracycline structure increases its activity? A.) Iron B.) Manganese C.) Cobalt D.) Palladium E.) Nickel

Palladium

Glycopeptides exert their mechanism of action via A.) Inhibition of 30s ribosomal subunit B.) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis C.) Inhibition of 50s ribosomal subunit D.) Inhibition of DNA gyrase E.) Inhibition of cell membrane synthesis

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

85. Which if the following cephalosporins can cross the blood brain barrier? A.) Cefprozil B.) Cefuroxime C.) Cefalexin D.) Cefmetazole E.) Cefazolin

Cefuroxime

86. This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilson's disease A.) EDTA B.) Dimercaprol C. Penicillamine D.) BAL E.) Deferoxamine

Penicillamine

87. This class of penicillin contains a benzyl moiety that is responsible for its acid labile property A.) Penicillin V B.) Oxacillin C.) Piperacillin D.) Methicillin E.) Penicillin G

Penicillin G

88. In the Freidles Craft Alkylation of Aromatic rings, what catalyst is needed for the reaction to proceed? A.) Lewis acid B.) Bronsted acid C.) Lewis base D.) Arrhenius base E.) Bronsted base

Lewis acid

89. Sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of: A.) Gamma aminobutyric acid B.) Para amino benzoic acid C.) Tricarboxylic acid D.) Sulfonic acid E.) Carbolic acid

Para amino benzoic acid

Compounds with two or more chiral centers are termed as A.) Epimers B.) Enantiomers C.) Stereoisomers D.) Diastereomers E.) Constitutiona Isomers

Diastereomers

For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below 91. This drug may likely bind to what protein? A.) Albumin B.) Alpha glycoprotein C.) Ubuquitin D.) Globulin E. Bilirubin

Albumin

For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below 92. What is the IUPAC name of the drug? A.) Octanoic acid B.) 2-propylpentanoic acid C.) 4-propylpentanoic acid D.) 1-butylbutanoic acid E.) 2-methylheptanoic acid

2-propylpentanoic acid

For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below 93. This drug may likely affects what neurotransmitter? A.) GABA B.) Dopamine C.) Glutamate D.) Norepinephrine E.) Serotonin

GABA

For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below 94. This drug affects what type of ion gated channel? A.) Sodium B.) Potassium C.) Calcium D.) Both A and B E.) Both A and C

Sodium

For numbers 91-95, Refer to the structure below 95. This drug is a powerful _____ A.) Antibiotic B.) Skeletal muscle relaxant C.) Antidepressant D.) Anticonvulsant E.) Antipsychotic

Anticonvulsant

96. Insulin Receptors are classified as _______ A.) Ion gated channel receptors B.) Tyrosine kinase receptors C.) G- protein coupled receptors D.) Gene transcription linked receptor E.) Nuclear receptor

Tyrosine kinase receptors

The efficacy of salicylic acid as well as its solubility in water as compared to p-hydroxybenzoic acid is greatly affected by what phenomenon? A.) Dipole movement B.) Common ion effect C.) Hydrophobic interactions D.) Hydrogen bonding E.) Electrostatic forces

Hydrogen bonding

The inhibition of the CYP 450 dependent lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the main mechanism of action of? A.) Ketoconazole B.) Amphotericin B C.) Azelaic acid D.) Griseofulvin E.) Nystatin

Ketoconazole

Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position? A.) Ortho only B.) Ortho and Meta C.) Meta and Para D.) Para only E.) Ortho and Para

Ortho and Para

An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative A.) Chlorpromazine B.) Thiorizadine C.) Fluphenazine D.) Perphenazine E.) Clozapine

Chlorpromazine

Decarboxylation of L- Dihydroxyphenylalanine produces A.) Tyrosine B.) Epinephrine C.) Ephedrine D.) Dopamine E.) Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Drugs with superior lipid solubility usually possess what moiety? A.) Oxygen B.) Nitrogen C.) Chlorine D.) Sulfur E.) Fluorine

Sulfur

For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below The compound that reacts to salicylic acid to make aspirin is an example of a/an______ A.) Alcohol B.) Ketone C. Ether D.) Acid anhydride E.) Ester

Acid anhydride

For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below The major product (Aspirin) is prone to hydrolysis, which of the following is/are the product/s of its hydrolysis A.) Carboxylic acid B.) Alcohol C.) Ester D.) Both A and B E.) Both A and C

Both A and B

For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below When aspirin has been hydrolyzed, one of its products produces a keratolytic property, what is that product? A.) Salicylic acid B.) Undecylenic acid C.) Ester D.) Methyl salicylate E.) Alcohol

Salicylic acid

For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below What is the functional group of the major product has been formed? A.) Ether B.) Alcohol C.) Phenolic D.) Carboxylic acid E.) Ester

Ester

For numbers 103-107, Refer to the synthesis of Aspirin below What is the color of the product when aspirin is treated with Ferric Chloride? A.) Blue B.) Violet C.) Yellow D.) Red E.) Colorless

Yellow

Which of the following compounds can be used to synthesize secondary alcohols? A.) Formaldehyde B.) Ethanoic acid C.) Propanone D.) Ethyl ethanoate E.) Tert-butylbromide

Propanone

The following drugs undergo acetylation reaction upon metabolism except A.) Hydralazine B.) Ethanol C.) Isoniazid D.) Procainamide E.) Sulfanilamide

Ethanol

Mercury exhibits is antimicrobial action by A.) Hydrolysis and protein denaturation B.) Oxidation of sulfhydryl group C.) Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane D.) Inhibition of protein synthesis E.) Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme

Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme

Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptomyces orientalis? A.) Nystatin B.) Bacitracin C.) Vancomycin D.) Amphotericin B E.) Amikacin

Vancomycin

Diuretic that acts on the thick ascending limb (TAL) A.) Indapamide B.) Furosemide C.) Acetazolamide D.) Amiloride E.) Mannitol

Furosemide

This is a butyrophenone derived antipsychotic agent that is frequently used for Tourette's syndrome A.) Clozaril B.) Haldol C.) Thorazine D.) Daxolin E.) Zoloft

Haldol

This compound is the basis of the synthesis of thiazide diuretics by treating with acylating agents A.) Acetazolamide B.) Dichlorphenamide C.) Chloraminophenamide D.) Methazolamide E.) Indapamide

Chloraminophenamide

A non-prodrug ACE inhibitor A.) Quinapril B.) Captopril C.) Fosinopril D.) Enalapril E.) Imidapril

Captopril

Compound such as Azithromycin possess the following characteristics, except A.) Large lactone ring B.) Ketone Group C.) Ether group D.) Alkyl group E.) Glycosidically linked sugar

Ketone group

For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin This class of antibiotic exerts its action by ________ A.) Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria B.) Inhibition of cell wall cross linking C.) Inhibition of bacterial transpeptidation D.) Binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit of bacteria E.) Inhibition of Nucleic acid synthesis

Binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit of bacteria

For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin The preparation of Azithromycin is done by ______ of its analog. A.) Acetylation B.) Oxidation C.) N-methylation D.) Reduction E.) Cross linking

N-methylation

For numbers 116-119, Refer to the structure of Azithromycin The presence of a tertiary amine group in the compounds provides the following characteristics of A.) Superior lipid solubility B.) Increasing in plasma concentration C.) Acid - labile property D.) Stability to acid - catalyzed degradation E.) Decreasing in plasma concentration

Acid - labile property

Theophylline is also known as ____ A.) 5,7- Dimethylxanthine B.) 1,7- Dimethylxanthine C.) 3,7- Dimethylxanthine D.) 1,3- Dimethylxanthine E.) 2,7- Dimethylxanthine

1,3- Dimethylxanthine

For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below What functional group is attached to the primary amine moiety? A.) Carboxyl B.) Acetyl C.) Benzyl D.) Carbonyl E.) Methyl

Acetyl

For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below The main group of this compound A.) Phenolic B.) Benzoic C.) Amino D.) Amide E.) Hydroxyl

Phenolic

For numbers 121-123, Refer to the structure below The compound possess only minimal ________ property. A.) Analgesic B.) Anti-inflammatory C.) Anti-asthma D.)Antipyretic E.) Anti-platelet

Anti-inflammatory

The prototype narcotic analgesic A.) Fentanyl B.) Morphine C.) Meperidine D.) Codeine E.) Naloxone

Morphine

Cyclophosphamide belongs to what class of chemotherapeutic agents? A.) Antimetabolites B.) Antibiotics C.) Alkylating agents D.) Microtubule synthesis inhibitors E.) None of the above

Alkylating agents

The amino acid precursor of catecholamines A.) Tryptophan B.) Threonine C.) Histidine D.) Tyrosine E.) Arginine

Tyrosine

A nucleophile is a species that is rich in A.) Protons B.) Neutrons C.) Radical D.) Double bonds E.) Electrons

Electrons

These are functional macromolecules that undergo structural conformation when a substrate binds to it. A.) Receptors B.) Enzymes C.) Ion channel D.) Ligands E.) Apienzymes

Receptors

A drug with a pKa of 4.76 is likely to be excreted in what medium? A.) Acidic B.) Basic C.) Neutral D.) All of the above E.) None of the above

Acidic

The bond that connects the moieties of prilocaine is/ an A.) Ester B.) Amide C.) Carbonyl D.) Ether E.) Amine

Ester

For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin The drug is derivative of ________ A.) Phenol B.) Resorcinol C.) Benzene D.) Catechol E.) Hydroquinone

Resorcinol

For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin The parent compound is highly susceptible to what type of metabolic reaction? A.) Reduction B.) Methylation C.) Hydrolysis D.) Oxidation E.) Glycine conjugation

Methylation

For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin The compound is an endogenous substance in the body that functions as A.) Neurotransmitters B.) Enzyme C.) Substrate D.) Ligand E.) Hormone

Hormone

For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin The compound is used to manage _______ A.) Tachycardia B.) Shock C.) Pain D.) Stroke E.) Coagulation

Shock

For numbers 131-135, Refer to the structure of Adrenalin What configuration of this compound possess a biological activity? A.) S-isomer B.) R-isomer C.) Levo isomer D.) Z- isomer E.) E-isomer

R-isomer

This product of arachidonic acid pathway is a potent platelet aggregator A.) PGE B.) LTC4 C.) HETE D.) TXA2 E.) PGF

TXA2

A compound with a molecular formula of C2H6O is most like to be a/a ______ A.) Alcohol B.) Ether C.) Ketone D.) Both B and C E.) Both A and B

Both A and B

Sulbactam is usually combined with what antibiotic? A.) Amoxicillin B.) Methoxypenicillin C.) Piperacillin D.) Benzylpenicillin E.) Ampicillin

Ampicillin

Addition of alcohol to an alkene yields what product? A.) Carboxylic acid B.) Ether C.) Alkane D.) Ester E.) Ketone

Ether

Orthohydroxybenzoic acid is _____ A.) Carboxylic acid B.) Oxalic acid C.) Citric acid D.) Salicylic acid E.) Tartaric acid

Salicylic acid

What is the most common adverse effect of this drug? A.) Optic neuritis B.) Gastrointestinal irritation C.) Tachycardia D.) Adrenal insufficiency E.) Hypoglycemia

Gastrointestinal irritation

In what enzyme does this drug acts? A.) COX B.) COMT C.) LOX D.) PLA E.) MAO

COX

Refer to the structure of Indocin This drug can be used to treat patients with A.) Acromegaly B.) Patent ductus arteriosus C.) Coagulation disorder D.) Renal failure E.) Asthma

Patent ductus arteriosus

This drug may likely bind to what protein? A.) Albumin B.) Globulin C.) Alpha glycoprotein D.) All of the above E.) None of the above

Albumin

The drug is a derivative of what compound? A.) Imidazole B.) Xanthine C.) Furan D.) Piperidine E.) Indole

Indole

Name of this compound A.) Pyran B.) Indole C.) Pyrrole D.) Imidazole E.) Furan

Furan

This is the common name of p- hydroxy phenol A.) Catechol B.) Resorcinol C.) Quinone D.) Hydroquinone E.) Benzoic acid

Hydroquinone

Polyene anti-infectives exert their mechanism of action by A.) Cell wall synthesis inhibition B.) Inhibition of the 30s ribosomal subunit C.) Cell membrane synthesis inhibition D.) Inhibition of the 50s ribosomal subunit E.) DNA synthesis Inhibition

Cell membrane synthesis inhibition

Which of the drugs below exhibit auto-oxidation? A.) Carbamazepine B.) Sotalol C.) Isoniazid D.) Epinephrine E.) Metformin

Carbamazepine

A rare spiro chemical structure is observed in what antifungal drug? A.) Amphothericin B B.) Griseofulvin C.) Tolnaftate D.) Miconazole E.) Azelaic acid

Griseofulvin

Typical reaction of alkanes A.) Nucleophilic addition B.) Radical halogenation C.) Elimination D.) Electrophilic substitution E.) Cyclization

Radical halogenation

Secondary alcohols are oxidized into A.) Aldehyde B.) Esters C.) Ketone D.) Carboxylic acids E.) Ethers

Ketone

Which of the following diuretic inhibits an enzyme? A.) Furosemide B.) Thiazides C.) Mannitol D.) Indapamide E.) Acetazolamide

Acetazolamide

Acetylene has a geometrical configuration of A.) Planar B.) Octagonal C.) Rhombic D.) Tetrahedral E.) Cubic

Planar

A uricosuric agent used to prevent the rapid excretion of penicillin A.) Sulindac B.) Probenecid C.) Colchicine D.) Felbamate E.) Lamotrigine

Probenecid

Friedle - Crafts alkylation of benzene requires this catalyst A.) Bronsted base B.) Lewis acid C.) Bronsted acid D.) Arrhenius acid E.) Lewis base

Lewis acid

This is the property of carbon atom where it form bonds with other carbon atoms A.) Covalent bonding B.) Catenation C.) Non- polar bonding D.) Electronegativity E.) Ionic bonding

Catenation

Geometry of an sp3 hybridized orbital A.) Rhombic B.) Planar C.) Tetrahedral D.) Cubic E.) Octagonal

Tetrahedral

It is the strain occured when electrons in a C-H bond will repel the electrons in another C-H bond if the bonds get too close to each other A.) Angular strain B.) Torsional strain C.) Equatorial strain D.) Steric strain E.) Axial strain

Torsional strain

Lindlar's catalyst is employed to produce a/an ______ from the reaction of H2 to an alkyne A.) Ketone B.) Alkene C.) Amine D.) Amide E.) Alcohol

Alkene

Predict the product of the reaction A.) Ar-OCl B.) Ar-OR C.) Ar-Cl D.) Ar-CO E.) Ar-COR

Ar-COR

Corticosteroids are protent Anti-inflammatory drugs because they inhibit which enzyme? A.) Lipoxygenase B.) Phospholipase C.) Transferase D.) Thromboxane E.) Cyclooxygenase

Phospholipase

G- protein coupled receptors are activated via these secondary messengers, except A.) cAMP B.) IP3 C.) DAG D.) cGMP E.) NO

An enol is not a stable compound because it undergoes A.) Nucleophilic attack B.) Hydrophobic interactions C.) Hydrogen shift D.) Tautomerization E.) Hydrophilic attack

Tautomerization

Which is the most stable conformation of cyclohexane A.) Chair B.) Boat C.) Staggered D.) Eclipsed E.) Planar

Chair

It is the strain put on a molecule when atoms or groups are too close to one another. A.) Angular Strain B.) Torsional Srain C.) Equatorial Strain D.) Steric Strain E.) Axial Strain

Steric Strain

An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative A.) Chlorpromazine B.) Fluphenazine C.) Perphenazine D.) Thioridazine E.) Thiothixene

Chlorpromazine

What is the prominent adverse effect of aminogycosides? A.) Hepatotoxicity B.) Cardiotoxicity C.) Neurotoxicity D.) Nephrotoxicity E.) Dermal toxicity

Nephrotoxicity

A theory that states that the effectiveness of the drug last as long as the receptors are occupied A.) Hypothesis of Paton B.) Lock and Key theory C.) Hypothesis of Clark D.) Induced fit theory E.) Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson

Hypothesis of Ariens & Stephenson

Bacitracin is not usually given parenterally because of its A.) Insolubility B.) Nephrotoxicity C.) Pain on the administration site D.) Lack of stability E.) Lack of potency

Nephrotoxicity

Which of the following medications would represents arthritis therapy that is least likely to cause gastric ulceration? A.) Sulindac B.) Rofecoxib C.) Tolmetin D.) Piroxicam E.) Phenylbutazone

Rofecoxib

Methylbenzene is also known as A.) Anisole B.) Toluene C.) Aniline D.) Xylene E.) Anethole

Toluene

Alkyl substituent that are bounded to the ____ carbons of an alkene have a stabilizing effect on the alkene. A.) sp B.) Tetrahedral C.) sp2 D.) Octagonal E.) sp3

sp2

Reactions of terminal alkynes follow the ____ when it is treated with excess HCL/HBr A.) Le Chatelier’s Principle B.) Markovnikov’s rule C.) Heck Reaction D.) Hund’s Rule E.) Pauli’s Principle

Markovnikov's rule

Addition of water to an alkyne leads to the formation of A.) Alcohol B.) Carboxylic acid C.) Ketone D.) Aldehyde E.) Ester

Ketone

Primary reaction of alkyl halides A.) Nucleophilic addition B.) Radical halogenations C.) Elimination D.) Electrophilic substitution E.) Nucleophilic substitution

Nucleophilic substitution

SN2 reaction is primarily observed in A.) Secondary amines B.) Tertiary alkyl C.) Primary alkyl halides D.) Primary alcohols E.) All of the above

Primary alkyl halides

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal antiseptic agent? A.) Low toxicity B.) High surface tension C.) Non-allergenic D.) Low surface tension E.) Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms

High surface tension

Which organism is the standard for determining the efficacy of alcohols as antiseptic? A.) Streptococcus agalactiae B.) Staphylococcus aureus C.) Salmonella Typhi D.) Hemophilus influenza E.) Klebsiella pneumonia

Staphylococcus aureus

This agent is prepared by sulfuric acid catalyzed hydration of propene A.) Methoxypropane B.) N-Propanol C.) Isopropyl alcohol D.) Propylene E.) Propanoic acid

Isopropyl alcohol

Chlorocresol is primarily used as A.) Preservative B.) Alkylating agent C.) Astringent D.) Sterilant E.) Fungicidal

Preservative

In the structure of cephalosporins, the beta lactam ring should have the ____ configuration that is essential for its activity A.) Trans B.) E C.) Levo D.) Dextro E.) Cis

Cis

Which of the following characteristics of the bicyclic ring system of penicillins is true? A.) Strain is essential for greater activity B.) Substitution of an alkyl group to the Hydrogen moiety in the beta lactam ring confers Greater efficacy C.) The trans streochemistry in the beta lactam Ring ring confers greater efficacy D.) Activity increases when the carboxylic acid Group is modified into an ester E.) Sulfur is an essential atom in the bicycling Ring system

Strain is essential for greater activity

Which of the following is true for hydrogen peroxide A.) Active against aerobic microorganism B.) Good only as topical agent C.) Inactive for anaerobic microorganism D.) Superior tissue penetrability E.) Use as a preservative for heat sensitive chemicals

Good only as topical agent

Which of the following exerts their action by distortion of cells and eventually causing lysis? A.) Benzalkonium chloride B.) Phenol C.) Iodine D.) Cresol E.) Alcohol

Benzalkonium chloride

Organism used as standard for the efficacy of phenol and its derivatives A.) Streptococcus agalactiae B.) Staphylococcus aureus C.) Salmonella typhi D.) Hemophilus influenzae E.) Klebsiella pneumonia

Salmonella typhi

Used to treat diaper rash in infants caused by Candida albbicans A.) Methylbenzethonium chloride B.) Thimerosal C.) Ethylene oxide D.) Chlorhexedine E.) Methylene blue

Methylbenzethonium chloride

Which of the following is used as a keratolytic agent? A.) Thymol B.) Resorcinol C.) Eugenol D.) Chlorocresol E.)Hexachlorphene

Resorcinol

Which of the following is the salt of Penicillin G? A.) Potassium B.) Calcium C.) Sodium D.) All of these E.) None of these

All of these

Saponification is the alkali hydrolysis of A.) R-O-R B.) R-COOR C.) R-COOH D.) R-OH E.) Ar-OH

R-COOR

Aminobenzene is also known as A.) Anisole B.) Toluene C.) Aniline D.) Xylene E.) Anethole

Aniline

This is a derivative of two carboxylic acids, in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water in two RCOOH A.) Acyl halide B.) Esters C.) Alkyl halide D.) Acid anhydride E.) Ethers

Acid anhydride

Saquinavir belongs to what group of HIV drugs? A.) Nucleosides Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor B.) Protease Inhibitor C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor D.) Fusion inhibitor E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Protease Inhibitor

Dehydration of secondary alcohols yield A.) Alkyne B.) Alkane C.) Ketone D.) Alkene E.) Alkyl halide

Alkene

Thimerosal is a preservative that contains A.) Hg B.) Fe C.) Co D.) Ni E.) Cu

Imidazole nucleus is primarily found in what type of anti-infective agents? A.) Antiseptics B.) Antiviral C.) Disinfectants D.) Antimycobacterials E.) Antifungal

Antifungal

The receptor of steroidal hormones are primarily found in the____. A.) Cell membrane B.) Nucleus C.) Ribosomes D.) Cytoplasm E.) Cell wall

Nucleus

DNA alkylating agents binds to its target by means of what bond? A.) Hydrophobic B.) Ionic C.) Covalent D.) Electrostatic E.) Hydrogen

Covalent

Theobromine is also known as A.) 5, 7 –Dimethylxanthine B.) 1, 7 - Dimethylxanthine C.) 3, 7- Dimethylxanthine D.) 1, 3 – Dimethylxanthine E.) 2, 7- Dimethylxanthine

3,7-Dimethylxanthine

The following are the effects of protein binding, except A.) Prevent rapid excretion of the drug B.) Limits the amount available for the metabolism C.) Decreases free drug molecules D.) Decreases half-life of drugs E.) None of the above

Decreases half-life of drugs

This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilsson’s disease A.) Deferoxamine B.) EDTA C.) Penicillamine D.) BAL E.) Dimercaprol

Penicillamine

A paraben used to preserve the drug from molds A.) Methylparaben B.) Ethylparaben C.) Propylparaben D.) Butylparaben E.) N-butylparaben

Methylparaben

Reduction of Aldehydes yield A.) Carboxylic acid B.) Primary alcohols C.) Ethers D.) Ketones E.) Secondary alcohols

Primary alcohols

Alkenes have a general formula of A.) CnH2n+1 B.) CnH2n+2 C.) CnH2n D.) CnHn E.) CnH2n-2

CnH2n

In the presence of a full agonists, a partial agonist becomes _____ A.) Remained as partial agonist B.) Antagonist C.) Both agonist and antagonist D.) Inverse agonist E.) Full agonist

Antagonist

These are substances that donate an electron pair A.) Lewis acid B.) Bronsted base C.) Lewis base D.) Arrhenius base E.) Bronsted acid

Lewis base

The following agents are used to treat hyperacidity and GI ulceration, except A.) Cytotek B.) Ranitidine C.) Omeprazole D.) Aripiprazole E.) Maalox

Aripiprazole

The amino acid precursor of serotonin A.) Threonine B.) Arginine C.) Tyrosine D.) Tryptophan E.) Histidine

Tryptophan

Dynacin® binds to the _____ ribsomal subunit A.) 20s B.) 30s C.) 60s D.) 40s E.) 50s

30s

Tagamet® The heterocyclic ring in its structure is A.) Indole B.) Furan C.) Pyran D.) Pyridine E.) Imidazole

Imidazole

Tagamet® This drug has a weak antiandrogenic effect, therefore, one of its adverse effects is : A.) Gynecomastia B.) Hirsutism C.) Adrenaline crisis D.) Flushing E.) Cushing syndrome

Gynecomastia

Tagamet® This drug antagonize what receptor? A.) Alpha 1 B.) Dopamine C.) Muscarinic 3 D.) Histamine 1 E.) Beta 1

Histamine 1

213. The following molecules readily penetrate a variety of cells and tissues, Except A.) Hydrophobic B.) Non - ionized C.) Hydrophilic D.) Lipid soluble E.) Non polar

Hydrophilic

Active site directed irreversible inhibition is exhibited in what type of bond A.) Electrostatic B.) Van der Waals C.) Hydrogen bonding D.) Ionic E.) Covalent

Covalent

Aldomet® This drug is an analog of what neurotransmitter? A.) Norepinephrine B.) Serotonin C.) Glutamate D.) GABA E.) Histamine

Norephinephrine

Aldomet® This drug exerts effect as a _______ A.) Hydroxylase inhibitor B.) Decarboxylase inhibitor C.) Transferase inhibitor D.) Carboxylase inhibitor E.) Protease inhibitor

Decarboxylase inhibitor

Aldomet® This is primarily indicated for ______ A.) Cardiac failure B.) Hypertension C.) Muscle pain D.) Aldosteronism E.) Cushing syndrome

Hypertension

A lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor A.) Montelukast B.) Zileuton C.) Cromolyn D.) Zafirlukast E.) Nedocromyl

Zileuton

Luminal® The compound may likely increase the concentration of ______ in the cell A.) Sodium B.) Calcium C.) Magnesium D.) Potassium E.) Chloride

Chloride

Luminal® The compound has an affinity to what receptor? A.) Glutamate B.) Serotonin C.) GABA D.) Glycine E.) Histamine

GABA

Luminal® The compound is used to treat what condition? A.) Asthma B.) Fungal infection C.) Depression D.) Convulsion E.) Hypertension

Convulsion

Luminal® This compound resembles a/an A.) Benzodiazepine B.) Imidazole C.) Barbiturates D.) Indole E.) Pyrrole

Barbiturates

Gq receptors stimulates ________ that leads to increase in the intracellular calcium level A.) Phospholipase B.) Lipoxygenase C.) DOPA Decarboxylase D.) Carboxylase E.) Cyclooxygenase

Phospholipase

Cholestyramine confers what type of antagonism? A.) Pharmacodynamic B.) Chemical C.) Physical D.) Pharmacokinetic E.) Physiological

Pharmacokinetic

Dehydrated alcohol is prepared by the azeotropic distillation using what solvent? A.) Toluene B.) Pyridine C.) Chloroform D.) Benzene E.) Hexane

Benzene

Which of the following is the most effective? A.) Tert-butyl alcohol B.) N-decanol C.) 3-hexanol D.) Ethanol E.) 4-pentanol

Ethanol

Used in combination with camphor in liquid petrolatum A.) P-Chlorophenol B.) Eugenol C.) Chlorhexidine D.) Cresol E.) Thymol

P-Chlorophenol

Which of the following substituents increase the activity of phenol? A.) Chlorine B.) Sulfur C.) Phosphorus D.) Oxygen E.) Nitrogen

Chlorine

It induces cell proliferation (epithelial) leading to sloughing and repair A.) Carbamide peroxide B.) Hexylresorcinol C.) Cetylpyridium chloride D.) Chlorhexidine E.) Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide

Which of the following dyes is used as vaginal suppository? A.) Methylene blue B.) Malachite green C.) Gentian violet D.) Carbolfuchsin E.) Bromocresol

Gentian violet

Which of the following penicillin is prone to renal tubular secretion? A.) Methicillin B.) Pen G C.) Carbenicillin D.) Cloxacillin E.) Ampicillin

Pen G

The structure contains the salt of what amino acid? A.) Alanine B.) Valine C.) Lysine D.) Isoleucine E.) Arginine

Valine

The first type of drug released to treat HIV infection A.) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor B.) Protease Inhibitor C.) RNA synthesis inhibitor D.) Fusion Inhibitor E.) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

The ability of a substance to exist in different crystalline form A.) Isomerism B.) Lattice C.) Crystallization D.) Polymorphism E.) Ampotherism

Crystallization

The first step that determines the onset of action, rate of absorption and bioavailability A.) Liberation B.) Metabolism C.) Elimination D.) Absorption E.) Distribution

Liberation

Nevirapine is known to cause _______ for HIV patients with low CD4 count A.) Renal failure B.) Rash C.) Mouth sore D.) Vertigo E.) Cardiomegaly

Rash

Insulin preparation that is made of 70% crystalline and 30% amorphous form A.) Humalin B.) Insulin NPH C.) Short acting insulin D.) Insulin glargine E.) Insulin Lispro

Insulin NPH

Type of antagonism that forms a chelate/ complex A.) Physical B.) Pharmacokinetic C.) Physiological D.) Chemical E.) Pharmacodynamic

Chemical

Secondary messenger produced when adenyl cyclase is activated A.) IP3 B.) DAG C.) cAMP D.) Both A and B E.) Both B and C

cAMP

The metabolic pathway is an example of A.) Reductive elimination B.) Oxidative deamination C.) Reductive deamination D.) Hydrolysis E.) Oxidative dealkylation

Oxidative deamination

This pathway is true for what kind of compounds? A.) Endogenous radicals B.) Endogenous amides C.) Endogenous amino acids D.) Endogenous amines E.) None of these

Endogenous amines

Which of the following is/are true regarding the phase I drug metabolism? I. Also known as conjugation reaction II. Includes oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis III. Generally tends to provide a functional group or "handle" to the molecule A.) I only B.) I, II, III C.) II only D.) II and III E.) I and III

II and III

Biogenic amines are inactivated primarily by A.) Oxidation B.) Methylation C.) GSH conjugation D.) Sulfate conjugation E.) Reduction

Methylation

Which of fhe following is /are true regarding phase II drug metabolism? I. Allows the attachment of small, polar and ionizable endogenous compounds II. Allows the termination or attenuated of a biologic activity III. Serves to protect the body against chemically reactive compounds or metabolites A.) II and III B.) I, II, III C.) I only D.) I and II E.) III only

I, II, III

Which of the following can be used to synthesize methyl orange? A.) Methyl alcohol B.) Toluene C.) Benzyl chloride D.) Sulfanilic acid E.) Ammonium nitrite

Sulfanilic acid

Which of the following compounds is considered as a chromophore? A.) Nitro B.) Butyl C.) R-O-R D.) R-OH E.) Cyclohexane

Nitro

Which of the following catalyst is required for the synthesis of an ester A.) HBr B.) CH3Cl C.) NH4NO3 D.) H2SO4 E.) CCl4

H2SO4

Which of the following form is the stable? A.) Tertiary carbocation B.) Primary carbanion C.) Primary carbocation D.) Methyl radical E.) Secondary carbocation

Tertiary carbocation

Which of the following reagents can be used to solubilize phenol in water? A.) HCl B.) NaOH C.) CH2Cl2 D.) HBr E.) NH2CONH2

NaOH

Ethanol is identified by this reagent in its confirmatory test A.) Ammonium cyanide B.) Phosphomolybdic acid C.) Aluminum chloride D.) Potassium perchlorate E.) Sodium nitroprusside

Sodium nitroprusside

Violet color result with ferric chloride is commonly observed in A.) Aspirin B.) Phenol C.) Propylamide D.) Benzene E.) Acetic acid

Phenol

Benzoic acid can be obtained from toluene by means of what process? A.) Reduction B.) Substitution C.) Oxidation D.) Elimination E.) Conjugation

Oxidation

Which of the following compounds inhibits squalene oxidase? A.) Tolnaftate B.) Undecylanic acid C.) Natamycin D.) Ketoconazole E.) Benzoic acid

Tolnaftate

Inhibition of the production of folic acid is the mechanism of action of A.) Griseofulvin B.) Sulfamethoxazole C.) Norfloxacin D.) Nystatin E.) Nalidixic acid

Sulfamethoxazole

Polyene antifungals bind to ______ to promote ion leakage resulting to fungal death A.) Microtubules B.) DNA C.) Cell wall D.) Ribosomes E.) Ergosterol

Ergosterol

The second synthetic analog of Benzylpenicillin A.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin B.) Methicillin C.) Oxacillin D.) Ampicillin E.) Cloxacillin

Methicillin

The subtype of the CYP 450 enzyme system responsible for genetic polymorphism A.) CYP 1A2 B) CYP 2A9 C.) CYP 2D6 D.) CYP 1A9 E.)CYP 3A4

CYP 2D6

The spectrum of activity of penicillin is governed by what functional group? A.) Beta lactam ring B.) Carbonyl group C.) Acyl amine group D.) Carboxylic acid group E.) Thiazolidine ring

Acyl amine group

The functional group attached to the acyl amino group is called a/an A.) Benzyl B.) Isoxazoyl C.) Phenoxymethyl D.) Phenyl E.) Methoxyphenyl

Isoxazoyl

What is the role of chloride atoms in the structure? A.) Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase B.) Increase the plasma concentration C.) Increase in parenteral absorption D.) Acid resistance property E.) Increase spectrum of activity

Increase the plasma concentration

Halogen substituents are best placed in what position? A.) Ortho B.) Meta C.) Para D.) All of the above E.) None of the above

Ortho

Adding more than 1 chloride atom in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug? A.) Liberation B.) Absorption C.) Excretion D.) Distribution E.) Metabolism

Distribution

This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection? A.) Enterobacter B.) Streptococci C.) Pseudomonas D.) Klebaiella E.) Staphylococci

Staphylococci

Functional group of the beta - lactam ring A.) Ether B.) Ketone C.) Amide D.) Amine E.) Carbonyl

Amide

This compound is insoluble in what medium? A.) Water B.) Alcohol C.) Ether D.) Carbon tetrachloride E.) Benzene

Water

Refer to the structure of a phenol derivative compound This compound is active against _______ organism A.) Gram positive B.) Acid fast C.) Aerobic D.) Facultative anaerobe E.) Gram negative

Gram positive

This compound has a greater potency of action due to the presence of what group? A.) Alkyl B.) Halogen C.) Phenolic D.) Biphenyl E.) Hydroxyl

Phenolic

This preparation is to be delivered in what route? A.) Intramuscular B.) Intradermal C.) Topical D.) Subcutaneous E.) Intravenous

Topical

The compound is commonly known as A.) Hexetidine B.) Hexachlorophene C.) Chlorocresol D.) Chlorhexidine E.) Chlorophenol

Hexachlorophene

Second generation cephalosporin that can cross the blood brain barrier A.) Cefamandole B.) Cefprozil C.) Cefuroxime D.) Cefaclor E.) Loracarbef

Cefuroxime

Compounds that will kill or inhibit the growth of, in a living tissue A.) Disinfectant B.) Antibiotic C.) Antiseptic D.) Preservativs E.) Sterilant

Antiseptic

It is the characteristics of a substance that gives its ability to spread into wounds. A.) High viscosity B.) Low zeta potential C.) High partition coefficient D.) Low surface tension E.) High pH

Low surface tension

Tigemonam is primarily administered in what route? A.) IV B.) Subq C.) Topical D.) IM E.) PO

Redman syndrome is seen in A.) Telavancin B.) Chloramphenicol C.) Imipenem D.) Teicoplanin E.) Vancomycin

Vancomycin

Preservative in BCG Vaccine A.) Nitromersol B.) Thimerosal C.) Benzalkonium chloride D.) Methylparaben E.) Sodium benzoate

Thimerosal

Metabolism of alcohol is a series of A.) Reduction B.) Methyl transfer C.) Glycine conjugation D.) GSH conjugation E.) Oxidation

Oxidation

Dye used to treat the inflammation of the bladder A.) Methylene blue B.) Malachite green C.) Gentian violet D.) Carbolfuchsin E.) Bromocresol

Methylene blue

Cephalosporin Which moiety in the structure binds to the PBP? A.) Amide group B.) Carboxy group C.) Dihydrothiazine group D.) Carbonyl group E.) Acyl amino

Amide group

Cephalosporin The R3 substituent confers the following properties, except A.) Salt form B.) Drug interaction C.) Protein binding D.) Chemical stability E.) Pharmacological property

Pharmacological property

Cephalosporin The R7 substituent is importantin _______ A.) Spectrum of activity B.) Classification of generation C.) Synthesis of a newer version D.) All of these E.) None of these

All of these

Cephalosporin Substitution of a bulky group in the X substituent confers A.) Acid labile property B.) Increase in metabolism C.) Decrease in GFR D.) Increase in gram negative activity E.) Decrease in protein binding

Increase in gram negative activity

Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme A.) Creatinine kinase B.) Alanine aminotransferase C.) Beta amylase D.) Angiotensin I E.) Pyruvate kinase

Alanine aminotransferase

This group attached to the naphthalene group of nafcillin confers beta lactamase resistance A.) Dichlorobenzene B.) Ethoxy C.) Benzyl D.) Isoxazoyl E.) Phenyl

Ethoxy

Acylation of the amino group in the second ring of aminoglycosides produces ______ A.) Kanamycin B.) Streptomycin C.) Neomycin D.) Gentamicin E.) Amikacin

Amikacin

This is the target site of HIV A.) CD8 B.) CCR5 C.) CD4 D.) CD32 E.) CD28

CD4

Antitubercular drug that is in combination with pyridoxine A.) Isoniazid B.) Ethambutol C.) Rifampicin D.) Pyrazinamide E.) Streptomycin

Isoniazid

The chances of methemoglobinemia and haemolytic anemia are higher when administering : I. Acetaminophen II. Phenacetin III. Acetanilide A.) I only B.) I and II only C.) II and III only D.) I, II and III E.) III only

II and III only

This agent is the least active among all fluoroquinolones A.) Norfloxacin B.) Levofloxacin C.) Ofloxacin D.) Ciprofloxacin E.) Gatifloxacin

Norfloxacin

Inhibits the enzyme which is responsible for the assembly of matured viral particles A.) Didanosine B.) Zidovudine C.) Indinavir D.) Abacavir E.) Lamivudine

Indinavir

This antifungal drug is derived from Ricinus communis A.) Undecylenic acid B.) Ricinoleic acid C.) Salicylic acid D.) Ricin E.) Propionic acid

Undecylenic acid

Which of the following is unstable in acidic condition? A.) Ampicillin B.) Methicillin C.) Phenoxymethylpenicillin D.) Nafcillin E.) Carbenicillin

Carbenicillin

Carbamazepine undergoes what metabolic pathway? A.) Aromatic hydroxylation B.) Olefinic oxidation C.) Reductive elimination D.) Oxidative N-dealkylation E.) Desulfuration

Olefinic oxidation

To Prepare beta-lactamase resistant penicillin, one should use A.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side-chain carbonyl and both ortho positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. B.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and ortho and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. C.) The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side - chain carbonyl and meta and para positions should be substituted by methoxy groups. D.) A methylene between the aromatic ring and carbonyl group of side chain E.) None of the above

The aromatic ring that is directly attached to the side-chain carbonyl and both ortho positions should be substituted by methoxy groups

Triethylenephosphoramide is an active metabolite of A.) Procarbazine B.) Camustine C.) Thiotepa D.) Ifosfamide E.) None of the above

Thiotepa

Which of the following preparations contains 2% iodine in sodium iodide? A.) Iodine solution B.) Lugol's solution C.) Povidone-iodine D.) Iodine tincture E.) None of the above

Iodine solution

Which of the following belongs to the class of echinocandins? A.) Caspofungin B.) Griseofulvin C.) Naftiline D.) Ampothericin B E.) Nystatin

Caspofungin

Concentration of dehydrated alcohol A.) 95% B.) 49% C.) 99% D.) 70% E.) 10%

99%

An acy ureidopenicillin A.) Piperacillin B.) Carbenicillin C.) Methicillin D.) Ticarcillin E.) Cloxacillin

Piperacillin

Chemically known as 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoyl penicillin A.) Nafcillin B.) Ticarcillin C.) Oxacillin D.) Methicillin E.) Mezlocillin

Oxacillin

Synthesis of Orange II Dihydrate is possible via A.) Freidel-Crafts Acylation B.) Diazotization C.) Elimination D.) Electrophilic aromatic substitution E.) Nucleophilic addition

Diazotization

Module 1: Organic Chemistry Flashcards

(299 cards)