(Module 1) Pharmacognostical Scheme and Terms to Remember

Question 1

includes biological names of plants or animals yielding the drug and family to which it belongs

Answer 1

Biological Source

Question 2

includes areas of cultivation, collection, and route of transport of drug

Answer 2

Geographical Source

Question 3

important to mention because they are responsible for the quality of a drug

Answer 3

Cultivation, Collection, and Preparation

Question 4

morphological characters that include the length, breadth, thickness, surface, colour, odour, taste, shape,

Answer 4

organized drugs

Question 5

organoleptic properties (colour, odour, taste and surface) should be mentioned

Answer 5

unorganized drugs

Question 6

one of the most important aspects of pharmacognosy as it helps in establishing the correct identity of a drug. under this heading all the detailed microscopical characters of a drug is described

Answer 6

Microscopical Characters

Question 7

determines the intrinsic value of a drug to which it is used is generally described

Answer 7

Chemical Constituents

Question 8

includes pharmaceutical, pharmacological, and biological activity of drugs or the diseases in which it is effective

Answer 8

Uses

Question 9

drug used during non-availability

same type of physiological API but percentage quality may be different

Answer 9

Substituents

Question 10

substance added to a product but not listed as ingredient

may cause a product to be harmful/inactive

Answer 10

Adulterants

Question 11

more important in case of unorganized drugs whose morphology cannot be identified

Answer 11

Chemical Tests

Question 12

plants growing in native countries

Answer 12

Indigenous plants

Question 13

plants growing in foreign lang

Answer 13

Naturalized plants

Question 14

study of relationships between plants and humans

Answer 14

Ethnobotany

Question 15

biologically active, naturally occurring chemical compounds found in plants

Answer 15

Phytochemicals / Natural Products

Question 16

use of plant extract for medicinal purposes

Answer 16

Phytotherapy

Question 17

leaves, roots, and flowers of plants grown and processed for use

Answer 17

Herbs

Question 18

vegetable or animal drugs of natural substances that have undergone ONLY collection and drying

Answer 18

Crude Drugs

Question 19

chief principle separated from crude drugs that are used for more specific therapeutic use

Answer 19

Derivatives or Extractives

Question 20

way of separating the desired substance from a mixture using a suitable solvent in which the desired substance is soluble

Answer 20

Extraction

Question 21

product of extraction aka derivatives

Answer 21

Extractives / Percolate

Question 22

Menstruum

Answer 22

Solvent

Question 23

Undissolved portion of drug that remains after extraction

Answer 23

Marc

Question 24

chemical entities that are contained in crude drugs / responsible for therapeutic properties

Answer 24

Plant Constituents / Active Constituents

Question 25

no definite pharmacologic activity

Answer 25

Inert constituents

Question 26

causes chemical changes in the preparation

Answer 26

Pharmaceutically Active

Question 27

responsible for therapeutic activity

Answer 27

Pharmacologically Active

Question 28

biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as drugs

Answer 28

Biogenesis

Question 29

abundant in plants but lower in value Carbohydrates, Protein, Lipids

Answer 29

Primary Metabolites

Question 30

unique to a particular species usually possessing therapeutic effect Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids

Answer 30

Secondary Metabolites