Module 1: Psychology as a Science

Question 1

Psychology is seen as the field of study that has the power to unlock what people want but cannot do. This it to ________.

Answer 1

read minds

Question 2

However, it does not specifically read mins but it does allow you to _______?

Answer 2

to understand your own and other people’s mind

Question 3

Where does the knowledge of psychology came from?

Answer 3

theory-building and research

Question 4

Knowledge in psychology will give us clues and signposts on the nature of the _____ and _____.

Answer 4

human mind; behavior

Question 5

What are the two antecedents of psychology?

Answer 5

Philosophy and Medicine

Question 6

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes (or human mind)

Answer 6

Psychology

Question 7

Mind:______ & Behavior:________ (explain)

Answer 7

mind: covert (internal); behavior: overt (external)

Question 8

Psychology stems from the greek word _____ which means ____ or _____

Answer 8

psyche; human soul or vital breath

Question 9

How many years old is psychology?

Answer 9

138 (relatively young science

Question 10

During this time, there is a quest for understanding the human mind

Answer 10

time of Plato and Socrates

Question 11

French philosopher and mathematician whom questioned the nature of reality and human consciousness

Answer 11

Rene Descartes

Question 12

This states that the mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefore, the rest of the body.

Answer 12

Mind-Body Problem (Dualism) vs Monoism

Question 13

This problem states that “Are you really free to choose or are your choices determined by causes?”

Answer 13

Free Will vs. Determinism

Question 14

This problem tackles about the contribution of genetics versus environmental factors to human development

Answer 14

Nature versus Nurture

Question 15

In the field of medicine, _____ and ______ are both physicians and philosophers who lived during Ancient Greek and Roman Empire who proposed an early hypothesis of _______

Answer 15

Hippocrates and Galen; individual differences

Question 16

______ is a theory that a person’s temperament or personality depends on which fluid is in ecess in one’s body.

Answer 16

Theory of humors

Question 17

black bile =
blood =
phlegm =
yellow bile =

Answer 17

black bile = melancholic
blood = sanguine
phlegmatic = phlegmatic
yellow bile = choleric

Question 18

He is the Father of Psychology and also the first who coined the said term

Answer 18

Willhelm Wundt

Question 19

Wundt is a medical doctor turned physiologist who is interested in _______

Answer 19

sensory experiences

Question 20

Wundt also attempted to study _____ using scientific method.

Answer 20

human consciousness

Question 21

Wundt believed that human consciousness/experiences can be _________.

Answer 21

broken down into elements such as sensation and feelings

Question 22

What are the cornerstones of Wundt’s scientific method (in human consciousness)?

Answer 22

Measurement and objectivity

Question 23

In conducting his experiment (scientific method), what process did Wundt utilized?

Answer 23

objective introspection

Question 24

He is Wundt’s student who also believed that consciousness could also be broken down into parts.

Answer 24

Edward B. Titchener

Question 25

Titchener founded ______, considered first school of thought in psychology.

Answer 25

Structuralism

Question 26

Structuralism attempts to describe the _______ such as _____,______, and _____.

Answer 26

structures that composed the mind; feelings, sensations, images

Question 27

He is the Father of American Psychology, an instructor at Harvard University where the first psychology courses were taught in the 1870's.

Answer 27

William James

Question 28

In contrast to Wundt and Titchener, James did not believe that consciousness could be broken down into elements just yet. He thought that consciousness is always in a _______ and _____.

Answer 28

flux of movement; flow

Question 29

This perspective focused on the function and purpose of the mind since it is difficult to capture constancies/structures in consciousness.

Answer 29

Functionalism

Question 30

Early psychologists were more concerned with studying ______, rather than personality.

Answer 30

perception

Question 31

He was among the first to study human intelligence.

Answer 31

Francis Galton (Darwin's cousin)

Question 32

Galton wanted to see if individual differences could be traced to _____.

Answer 32

heredity

Question 33

Galton also measured intelligence using _____ and ______.

Answer 33

simple sensory; motor activities

Question 34

This is the field of psychology that concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors and not on mental processes. Also the movement towards a more scientific approach.

Answer 34

Behaviorism

Question 35

What are the three influential approaches in psychology?

Answer 35

Gestalt, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism

Question 36

This theory focuses on "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

Answer 36

Gestalt

Question 37

Gestalt is advocated by _____, an Austro-Hungarian psychologists.

Answer 37

Max Wertheimer

Question 38

Gestalt disagrees with the _____, rather it emphasizes the ability of the mid to _____ and ________.

Answer 38

structuralism; sense and perceive in wholes

Question 39

Gestalt extended beyond studies of sensation and perception into_____.

Answer 39

psychotherapy

Question 40

This theory emphasized the influence of unconsciousness and early childhood experiences in personality

Answer 40

Psychoanalysis

Question 41

Before he started as a psychologist, he was a physician who worked with patients who experienced unexplained medical problems.

Answer 41

Sigmund Freud

Question 42

This is the part of psyche where repressed urges and desires resides.

Answer 42

unconscious

Question 43

This theory states that who we are is a product of the interaction between the environment (stimulus) and behavior (response).

Answer 43

Behaviorism

Question 44

Unlike other approach/es, behaviorism does not mention _____.

Answer 44

consciousness

Question 45

What are the seven modern approaches in psychology

Answer 45

psychodynamic behavioral humanistic cognitive socio-cultural biopsychological evolutionary

Question 46

This perspective centers on the influence of early childhood experiences, social & interpersonal relationships, development of self, and unconscious influences

Answer 46

Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 47

Psychodynamic perspective evolved out of the work pioneered by ______.

Answer 47

Sigmund Freud

Question 48

This perspective places emphasis on the importance of learning in shaping the human mind and behavior and the influence of consequence on human behavior.

Answer 48

Behavioral Perspective

Question 49

The Behavioral Perspective focuses on the role of the _____ in influencing behavior.

Answer 49

environment

Question 50

Behavioral perspective is applied in practice to encourage healthy behavior in people through _______ or _______.

Answer 50

reinforcement; positive consequences

Question 51

Unlike the old behavioral perspective, the newer one recognizes the role of _______ and ______ in shaping behavior.

Answer 51

thoughts; emotions

Question 52

This perspective is developed partly as a reaction against the ideas of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. It focuses on the individual's free will and ability for self-determination.

Answer 52

Humanistic Perspective

Question 53

Humanistic perspective believes in _______.

Answer 53

human agency; capacity of humans to take control

Question 54

This perspective focuses on memory, intelligence, thought processes, and problem solving.

Answer 54

Cognitive Perspective

Question 55

This perspective emphasizes the importance of context on the human mind and behavior. This includes the influence of social context, or the actual or imagine presence of others on behavior, cultural similarity and differences.

Answer 55

Sociocultural Perspective

Question 56

Sociocultural perspective merges two fields in psychology, _______ and ______.

Answer 56

social psychology; cultural psychology

Question 57

This perspective looks at the role of hormones, genes, neurotransmitters, and neural activity on thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Answer 57

Biophysiological Perspective

Question 58

This perspective views human mind and behavior developed out of natural selection as a means of survival and reproduction.

Answer 58

Evolutionary Perspective

Question 59

According to Ciccareli, the goal of psychology is to _______.

Answer 59

uncover the mysteries of human and animal behavior

Question 60

Any research and theory-building in psychology seek to do the following:

Answer 60

Describe Explain Predict Control

Question 61

This is a system of gathering data that avoids bias and error in measurement.

Answer 61

Scientific Method

Question 62

What are the five steps in conducting the scientific method?

Answer 62

Perceiving the question Forming the hypothesis Testing the hypothesis Drawing conclusion Reporting the results

Question 63

What are the three kinds of psychological research according to design?

Answer 63

Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental

Question 64

This aims to describe the phenomenon of interest and can either be qualitative or quantitative.

Answer 64

Descriptive

Question 65

What are the different data collection methods for a descriptive research design?

Answer 65

Observation Case studies Survey Interview

Question 66

In observation method: _____:natural setting & _______:controlled environment

Answer 66

naturalistic; laboratory

Question 67

This data method is the in-depth focus or analysis of a single case.

Answer 67

Case studies

Question 68

This data method is a set of series of questions that participant answer. This is useful for gathering data on thoughts and feelings.

Answer 68

Survey

Question 69

This data method involves asking a series of open-ended question to explore the participants thought and feelings in depth.

Answer 69

Interview

Question 70

This research design is used to determine quantitative relationships between two or more variable.

Answer 70

Correlational

Question 71

What are the two methods in data gathering for correlational?

Answer 71

Observation and Survey

Question 72

In correlational, the relationship can be describe according to its _____ and _____.

Answer 72

magnitude and direction

Question 73

_______:same direction _______:opposite direction

Answer 73

positive correlation; negative correlation

Question 74

Correlation does not indicate ______.

Answer 74

causation

Question 75

This research design aims to determine causal relationships.

Answer 75

Experimental