Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy > Module 1: Superficial Back, Sub-occipital, Deep Back, Spinal Cord, Scapular Region > Flashcards

Module 1: Superficial Back, Sub-occipital, Deep Back, Spinal Cord, Scapular Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the proximal(trunk) attachments of the trapezius?

A

superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum niche, cervical and thoracic spinous processes (C7-T12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the distal(extremity) attachments of the trapezius?

A

clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the proximal(trunk) attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

SP of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the distal(extremity) attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

floor of the inter tubercular sulcus of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the proximal(trunk) attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

transverse process of c1-c4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the distal(extremity) attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

superior angle + superomedial border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the proximal(trunk) attachment of the rhomboids?

A

major: spinous process t2-t5
minor: ligamentum niche + spinous process C7-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the distal(extremity) attachments of the rhomboids?

A

medial border of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the muscle actions of the trapezius?

A

upper = scapular elevation
lower = depression
middle = retraction
upper + lower = upward rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

accessory nerve (
(CN XI: motor)
(CN 3-4: sensory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the muscle actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

adduction, external, medial rotation of humerus, ext humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the muscle actions of the levator scapulae?

A

elevation + downward rotation of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
(sensory: C3-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the muscle actions of the rhomboids?

A

scapular retraction
elevation (upper)
downward rotation of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
sensory = C3-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the key difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles?

A

Extrinsic
- superficial = limb movement
- intermediate = respiration/proprioception
Intrinsic
- vertebral column stabilization/movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What rami innervate the extrinsic back muscles?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What rami innervate the intrinsic back muscles?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic superficial back muscles?

A

latissimus dorsi
trapezius
levator scapulae
rhomboids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 extrinsic intermediate back muscles?

A

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two intrinsic superficial back muscles?

A

splenius capitis
splenius cervicis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic intermediate muscles?

A

erector spinae:
- spinalis
- longissimus
-iliocostalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic deep muscles of the back?

A

Transversospinalis:
- semispinalis
- multifidis
- rotatores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a dermatome?
An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
26
What is the triangle of auscultation?
Auscultation = examining body through sound with stethoscope Borders: - upper border of latissimus dorsi - lower lateral border of trapezius - medial border of scapula
27
Where is most of the body's weight distributed?
anterior to the vertebral column
28
What are the unique features of cervical vertebrae?
Bifid spinous processes Uncinate process Transverse foramen Atlas = no body Axis = dens
29
What are the suboccipital muscles of the neck? their innervation, and function?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor/Major Obliques Capitis Superior/Inferior - C1 spinal n. - suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus) - postural support, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
30
What are the structural components of a typical vertebra?
Spinous Process and Transverse Process - muscle attachment and movement Articular Processes - restrict movement Vertebral Arch (pedicle + lamina) - protect spinal cord Vertebral Body - support body weight
31
What changes happen to vertebrae as you age?
- bone density decreases - articular surfaces bow inward - compression at the periphery - oesteophytes form
32
What is the normal development of spinal curvatures?
Primary - thoracic and sacral kyphosis Secondary - cervical lordosis = begin to lift/stabilize head - lumbar lordosis = begin to walk/ support body weight
33
What are the abnormal curvatures of the spine?
- Excessive Kyphosis -- thoracic (old people) - Excessive Lordosis -- lumbar (pregnant women) - scoliosis -- lateral shift normal to curvature
34
What are the components of the intervertebral disc?
- nucleus pulposus -- 88% water - annulus fibrosis -- crossing fibers limit rotation, strong bond of bodies) - hyaline cartilage end plate
35
What is a posterolateral herniation of the intervertebral disc?
protruded nucleus pulposus, compresses lower spinal nerve
36
What are the 6 ligaments of the spine and the motions they limit?
- Anterior Longitudinal -- ext and reinforce front annulus fibrosus - Posterior Longitudinal -- flex + reinforce back annulus fibrosis - Interspinous -- flexion - supraspinous -- flexion - ligamentum flavum -- flexion - intertransverse -- lateral flexion
37
What is the structure of the ligamentum nuchae and its function?
- median fibroelastic septum - splenius capitis attachment - supports C spine, allow flexion limiting excessive movement
38
What are the 6 primary movements of the spine?
- flexion - extension - neck + head rotation - upper trunk rotation - lateral flexion - lateral extension
39
What regions of the spine have more flexion/extension?
C > L > T
40
What regions of the spine have more lateral flexion/extension?
C > L > T
41
What regions of the spine have more rotation?
C > T > L
42
What is the facet joint angle of the 3 types of vertebrae?
- C = 45 deg - T = 60 deg - L = 90 deg
43
What is the order of meningeal covering of the spinal cord from superficial to deep?
dura mater --> arachnoid mater --> pia mater
44
What are the structural changes of spinal stenosis?
- decrease in vertebral canal - compression of spinal nerve roots
45
What are the attachments and innervations of serratus posterior superior?
- spinous process of C7-T3 to rib 2-5 - intercostal n. (T1-4)
46
What are the attachments and innervations of serratus posterior inferior?
- sp of T11-L2 to rib 9-12 - intercostal n. (T9-12)
47
What are the attachments and innervations of the splenius cervicis?
- sp of T3-T6 to post tubercles of TP C1-C3 - dorsal rami
48
What are the attachments and innervation of the splenius capitis?
- nuchal ligament and sp of C7-T4 to mastoid process - dorsal rami
49
What are the attachments and innervations of erector spinae?
- TLF attached to sacrum, iliac crest, sp of L5-T11, supraspinous ligaments, angles of ribs to: -- spinalis = sp -- longissimus = ribs -- iliocostalis = TP costal angles
50
What are the different sections of the erector spinae muscles?
- spinalis = thoracis, cervicis, capitis - longissimus = capitis, cervicis, thoracis - iliocostalis = cervicis, thoracics, lumborum
51
What are the attachments of the transversospinales muscles?
Semispinalis - TP to superior spinous process -- capitis, cervicis, thoracis Multifidis - sacrum/ posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse process to superior spinous process -- sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical Rotatores(Longus + Brevis) - TP to SP above (1-2 levels)
52
What are the attachments of the interspinales?
-between SP of adjacent vertebrae -- C(6), T(2-3), L (4)
53
What are the attachments of the intertranvesarii muscle?
between TP of adjacent vertebra
54
What makes the trapezius different from the other extrinsic back muscles?
It is the only one innervated by a cranial nerve (others are ventral rami of SN)
55
What are the extensions of the Pia mater?
denticulate ligaments
56
What is the arachnoid mater bonded to?
inner dura mater in vivo
57
What are the attachments and innervation of Longus Colli?
ant tubercles and bodies C3-T3 to ant tubercles and bodies of C1-C6 ventral rami SN C2-C7
58
What are the actions of Longus Colli?
flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
59
What are the attachments and innervation of Longus capitis?
ant tubercles C3-C6 to basilar portion of occipital bone ventral rami SN C1-C3
60
What are the actions of Longus capitis?
flexion, ipsalateral rotation
61
What are the attachments of rectus capitis posterior major?
SP of axis >>> inferior nuchal line
62
What are the attachments of rectus capitis posterior minor?
posterior tubercle of atlas >>>> inferior nuchal line
63
What are the attachments of obliquus capitis inferior?
SP of axis >>>> TP of atlas
64
What are the attachments of obliquus capitis superior?
TP of atlas >>>> superior and inferior nuchal line
65
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
rectus capitis posterior major obliquus capitis inferior obliques capitis superior
66
What structure loops into the suboccipital triangle before making its way to the skull?
vertebral artery
67
What are the actions of splenius capitis?
Extension Lateral flexion Ipsalateral rotation
68
What are the actions of semisplenius capitis?
Extension Contralateral rotation
69
What are the attachments of serratus anterior?
outer/superior borders of upper 8 ribs to costal surface of medial border of scapula
70
What are the actions of serratus anterior?
scapular protraction + upward rotation
71
What is the innervation of serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve
72
What are the attachments of subclavius?
1st rib + cartilage to undersurface of clavicle
73
What are the actions of the subclavius?
depress + stabilize clavicle
74
What is the innveration of the subclavius?
subclavian nerve
75
What is the function of bursae found in joints?
Bursae act as a bag (synovial membrane) that secretes synovial fluid to provide lubrication and padding for joint capsules
76
What is the location of bursae found in a joint?
tendon + bone interface
77
Where are bursa located in the scapular region?
subacromial sub deltoid subtendinous subscapularis
78
What neurovascular structures would be injured if there was a bone fracture located at the medial border of the scapula?
dorsal scapular nerve and artery
79
What is the location of the subacromial space?
below the coracoacromial notch (acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and coracoid process)
80
What are the contents of the subacromial space?
suprspinatus muscle and subacromial bursa
81
How is the shoulder susceptible to dislocation?
- no inferior reinforcement by rotator cuff muscles or ligaments - increase in probability if humerus is abducted - 95% anterior dislocations (inferior)
82
How do shoulder dislocations harm structures in the shoulder region?
interrupts/ applies pressure on axillary structures
83
What is the acronym for shoulder separations?
Falling On Outstretched Hand (FOOSH)
84
What anatomical structures are affected by shoulder separation?
- Acromioclavicular joint - acromioclavicular + coracoclavicular ligaments - now free acromion may move inferior damaging glenohumeral joint
85
What are the contents of the quadrangular space?
- axillary nerve - posterior circumflex humeral artery
86
What muscles border the quadrangular space?
- teres minor - teres major - humerus - long head triceps brachii
87
What neurovascular structures run along the medial border of the scapula?
- dorsal scapular nerve - dorsal scapular artery
88
What are the contents of the scapular notch?
- suprascapular artery (army over) - suprascapular nerve (navy)
89
What is the location of the scapular notch?
transverse scapular ligament
90
What is collateral circulation of the scapula?
Blood is allowed to continue flow if the subclavian artery is obstructed
91
What are the rotator cuff muscles and their actions?
- supraspinatus (abduction + lateral rotation) - infraspinatus (lateral rotation) - teres minor (lateral rotation) - subscapularis (medial rotation)
92
What are the actions of the deltoid at the shoulder?
- flexion + medial rotation - abduction - extension + lateral rotation + horizontal extension of humerus
93
What nerve innervates the deltoid?
axillary nerve (C5-6)
94
What nerve innervates supraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve (C4-6)
95
What nerve innervates infraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve (C5-6)
96
What nerve innervates teres minor?
axillary nerve (C5-6)
97
What nerve innervates subscapularis?
upper + lower subscapular nerves (C5-6)
98
What are the actions of teres major?
- humeral adduction - medial rotation - extension
99
What nerve innervates the teres major?
lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)
100
What are the attachments of teres major?
- inferior angle of scapula + lower lateral surface - to medial intertubercular sulcus of humerus
101
What are the attachment sites of subscapularis?
- subscapular fossa - lesser tubercle of humerus
102
What are the attachment sites of teres minor?
- upper 2/3 dorsal surface of lateral border - inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus + shoulder joint capsule
103
What are the attachments of infraspinatus?
- medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa - superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus + shoulder joint capsule
104
What are the attachments supraspinatus?
- medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa - superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus + shoulder joint capsule
105
What are the attachments of the deltoid?
- clavicle + acromion + spine of scapula - deltoid tuberosity of humerus
106
What are the scapulohumeral muscles?
- deltoid - supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor - teres major - subscapularis
107
What is the path of lymph drainage of the axilla?
Humeral + pectoral + subscapular > central > apical > right subclavian trunk
108
Where does the supratrochlear lymph dump into?
Humeral lymph
109
What does the infraclavicular lymph dump into?
Apical lymph
110
What are part of the Humeral lymph?
- hand - FA - medial arm - deep FA/A
111
What does the pectoral lymph drain?
Anterior thorax and breast
112
What does the subscapular lymp drain?
- Posterior shoulder - posterior thorax - scapula
113
What does the infraclavicular lymph drain?
Lateral arm and shoulder

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions