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Clinical Anatomy > Module 9 - Leg > Flashcards

Module 9 - Leg Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

What is the organization of the crural fascia?

A
  • synonymous with ante brachial fascia of forearm
  • has 3 crural intermuscular septa

anterior: separtates anterior and lateral compartments

posterior: separates lateral and posterior compartments

transverse: separates supererficial and deep posterior compartments

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2
Q

What are the attachments and functions of the superior extensor retinaculum?

A
  • extends from distal tibia to distal fibula
  • holds anterior compartment tendons in place (EDL, EHL, TA)
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3
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the inferior extensor retinaculum?

A
  • holds anterior compartment tendons in place (EDL, EHL, TA)
  • extends from calcaneus to navicular bone and medial malleolus
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4
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the superior fibular retinaculum?

A
  • prevents movement of lateral compartment tendons (FL, FB)
  • extends from lateral malleolus to calcaneus
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5
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the inferior fibular retinaculum?

A
  • prevents movement of lateral compartment tendons (FL, FB)
  • extends from inferior extensor retinaculum to calcaneus
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6
Q

What are the functions and attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

A
  • extends from medial malleolus to calcaneus, forming tarsal tunnel
  • hold and maintain posterior compartment tendons
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7
Q

Where does the popliteal artery bifurcate?

A
  • at the popliteus muscle into anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries
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8
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A
  • anterior
  • lateral
  • posterior superficial
    -posterior deep
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9
Q

What are the contents, actions, blood supply, and innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

content
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius

action
- dorsiflexion, inversion, toe extension
- ankle eversion if fibularis tertius is isolated

innervation
- deep fibular nerve

blood supply
- anterior tibial artery

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10
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

content
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis

action
- eversion
- plantarflexion
(tendons posterior to fibula)

innervation
- superficial fibular nerve

blood supply
- fibular artery

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11
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior-superficial compartment of the leg?

A

content
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris

actions
- plantar flexion
- knee flexion (weak)

innervation
- tibial nerve

blood supply
- posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

What are the contents, actions, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior-deep compartment of the leg?

A

content
- popliteus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- tibialis posterior

actions
- plantar flexion
- inversion
- toe flexion
- knee flexion

innervation
- tibial nerve

blood supply
- posterior tibial artery

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13
Q

What are the anterior crural muscles?

A
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
  • tibialis anterior
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14
Q

What are the OIANs of extensor digitorum longus?

A

origin: lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of the fibula and crural interosseous membrane

insert: dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5

action: dorsiflexion, extend digits 2-5 (IP & MP)

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

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15
Q

What are the OIANs of extensor hallucis longus?

A

origin: middle 1/2 of the fibular surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe

action: dorsiflexion, extend great toe (MP & IP)

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

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16
Q

What are the OIANs of fibularis tertius?

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A

origin: distal fibula and crural interosseous membrane

insert: base of the 5th metarsal

action: dorsiflexion, evert foot

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

17
Q

What are the OIANs of the tibialis anterior?

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A

origin: lateral condyle and proximal 2/3 of the tibia’s lateral surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: medial cuneiform and adjacent 1st metatarsal

action: dorsiflex ankle, invert foot

innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

18
Q

What are the spinal level innervations of the anterior crural muscles?

Study These Flashcards
A

deep fibular n: L4-5, S1

19
Q

What are the lateral crural muscles?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • fibularis longus and brevis
20
Q

What are the OIANs of fibularis longus?

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A

origin: head of the proximal 2/3 of the fibula

insert: lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal and adjacent medial cuneiform

action: evert foot, plantar flexion, and depresses 1st metatarsal head

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

21
Q

What are the OIANs of the fibularis brevis muscle?

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A

origin: distal 2/3 of the fibula

insert: lateral base of 5th metatarsal

action: evert foot, plantar flexion

innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-5, S1)

22
Q

What are the posterior crural muscles?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • gastrocnemius
  • planteris
  • popliteus
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
23
Q

What are the OIANs of flexor digitorum longus?

Study These Flashcards
A

origin: posterior tibia distal to the soleal line

insert: plantar surface of the distal phalangeal bases

action: plantar flexion, flex digits 2-5 (MP & IP)

innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)

24
Q

What are the OIANs of flexor hallucis longus?

Study These Flashcards
A

origin: distal 2/3 of the posterior fibular surface and crural interosseous membrane

insert: plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of 1st toe

action: plantarflexion, flex great toe (MP & IP)

innervation: tibial nerve (L5, S1-2)

25
What are the OIANs of gastrocnemius?
origin: posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and joint capsules insert: posterior calcanea surface action: flexes knee, plantar flexion nerve: tibial (S1-2)
26
What are the OIANs of plantaris?
origin: lateral supracondylar line insert: posterior calcanea surface action: flexes knee and plantar flexion nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5, S1)
27
What are the OIANs of popliteus?
origin: lateral femoral condyle and oblique popliteal ligament insert: soleal line of tibia action: in NWB, medial rotation of tibia and knee flexion; in WB insertion is fixed: lateral rotation of femur and knee flexion; unlocks knee from extension into early flexion nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)
28
What are the OIANs of the soleus?
origin: posterior aspect of the head and proximal 1/4 of the fibula and tibial soleal line insert: posterior calcaneal surface action: plantar flexion nerve: tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)
29
What are the OIANs of the tibialis posterior muscle?
origin: crural interosseous membrane, lateral surface and medial fibular surface insert: navicular, medial, intermediate cuneiforms and bases of metatarsals 2-4 actions: invert fot and plantarflex nerve: tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)
30
What is the path taken by the commonfibular nerve?
- deep to proximal fibularis longus, curves lateral to neck of fibula, splits deep to fibularis longus
31
What is the path taken by the superficial fibular nerve?
- begins bifurcation of common fib n - supplies fibularis longus and brevis - emerges as cutaneous branch
32
What is the path taken by the deep fibular nerve?
- approaches interosseous membrane - between tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus - descends with anterior tivital artery
33
What is the path taken by the tibial nerve?
- joins popliteal v. and a. - continues with posterior tibial artery - gives off sural nerve - splits into lateral and medial plantar n in foot
34
What are the ligaments of the crural region?
- interosseous membrane - talocrural fibrous capsule - medial collateral (deltoid) - lateral ligaments
35
What are the attachments of the crural interosseous membrane?
- from interosseous border of the tibia to the interosseous border of the fibula
36
What are the attachments of the talocrural fibrous capsule?
- from the borders of the articular surfaces of tibia and malleoli to the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus
37
What are the attachments and functions of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament of the ankle?
- from the medial malleolus to the talus, navicular and sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous - stablize joint and resists forced eversion
38
What is the function of the lateral ligaments of the ankle?
stablize joint and resist inversion
39
What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle?
- posterior talofibular - calcaneofibular - lateral talocalcaneal - anterior talofibular

Clinical Anatomy (12 decks)

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