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Vascular > Module 1 : Venous Circulatory System > Flashcards

Module 1 : Venous Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A
  • four chambered
  • right half circulated blood from body to lungs
  • left half circulates blood from lungs around body
  • right side littler peripheral resistance means low pressure ( walls thinner)
  • left side same volume greater peripheral resistance ( walls thicker)
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2
Q

Resistance vessels

A
  • muscular arterioles and precapillary sphincters
  • provide principle resistance to blood flow
  • govern pressure and amount of blood flow
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3
Q

Exchange vessels

A
  • single cell capillary walls exchange gasses and nutrients
  • lymph capillaries coexist with blood capillaries and exchange anything from liquid to cells
  • lymphatics locates alongside veins to absorb excess fluid
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4
Q

Capacitance vessels

A
  • venules are tributaries to Vein and collect blood from capillary beds
  • low pressure blood reservoir where blood returns to heart
  • paired veins called vena combatants accompany arteries
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5
Q

Valves

A
  • counter gravity to stop or reverse flow of blood in veins
  • reflux blood pours into pockets causing leaflets to close and stop flow
  • found where tributary joins larger veins at intervals along main veins
  • lower extremities have the most valves cause of more gravity
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6
Q

Blood

A
  • average total amount is 5L
  • most common blood cell is erythrocyte( red blood cell RBC) transport O2
  • second most common is leukocyte (white blood cell WBC)
  • platelets which assist in clotting
  • plasma
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7
Q

Orientation of vasculature

A
  • proximal = closer to the heart

- distal = further from heart

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8
Q

Vein anatomy

A

Tunica intima (forms valves)- tunica media - tunica adventitia

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9
Q

Vasa vasorum

A
  • found in tunica adventitia

- network of tiny vessels that supply walls of large veins and arteries with nutrients and oxygen

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10
Q

Valves

A
  • unique to venous systems
  • bicuspid
  • arise from intima
  • one way flow
  • in upper and lower extremities
  • number of valves increase and distance from heart increases
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11
Q

Deep veins of the leg

A
  • surrounded by muscle
  • accompany artery
  • calf veins duplicated
  • CIV, IIV & EIV, CFV, DFV & FV, POP V, ATV & PTV & PV
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12
Q

Common iliac veins (CIV)

A
  • seen at level of sacroiliac joint formed by confluence of
    + internal iliac vein - drains viscera of pelvis
    + external iliac vein - drains leg
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13
Q

External iliac vein

A
  • at inguinal ligament becomes common femoral vein
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14
Q

Common femoral vein

A
  • formed by confluence of
    + deep femoral vein - profunda
    + femoral vein - superficial femoral vein
  • bifid in 25% of pop (duplication of veins
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15
Q

Femoral vein

A
  • courses deep but close to artery
  • does deep at distal portion and passes through adductor canal/ hiatus (hunters canal)
  • becomes popliteal vein
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16
Q

Popliteal vein

A 
- formed by confluence of 
  \+ anterior tibial Veins x2
  \+ tibioperoneal trunk
     - posterior tibial Veins x2
     - Peroneal Veins x2
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17
Q

Anterior tibial Veins

A
  • originate from pedal vein in foot and travel upward between the tibia and fibula to join tibioperoneal trunk
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18
Q

Posterior tibial Veins

A
  • Arise from the confluence of the medial and lateral plantar veins and travel up MEDIAL aspect of calf
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19
Q

Peroneal veins

A
  • begin in foot and travel up the LATERAL aspect of calf
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20
Q

Gastrocnemius (sural) Veins

A
  • paired

- empty into pop vein

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21
Q

Soleal sinuses

A
  • thick walled VENOUS RESERVOIRS within the soleal muscles
  • do not contain valves and frequent site of thrombosis
  • empty into PTV and Peroneal veins
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22
Q

Superficial veins

A
  • do not have corresponding artery
  • near the surface superficial to muscle
  • regulate body temp
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23
Q

Greater saphenous vein (long)

A
  • joins CFV 4cm inferior to inguinal ligament
  • travels along medial aspect of thigh and calf ending posterior to medial malleolus
  • longest vein in the body
  • additional connections to deep system via perforating veins
24
Q

Small saphenous vein (lesser/short)

A
  • empties into popliteal vein posteriorly and above popliteal fossa and runs a,o g posterior calf between gastroc
  • lateral and posterior to lateral malleolus
  • numerous tributaries connecting it to GSV
25
Q

Head and neck vasculature

A

SVC - innominate (brachiocephalic) - external jugular veins - internal jugular veins

26
Q

SVC

A

Formed by junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins (innominate)

27
Q

Brachiocephalic veins (innominate)

A

Formed by junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

28
Q

External jugular veins

A

Drain the superficial areas of the face and scalp

29
Q

Vertebral veins

A

Drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and small neck muscles

30
Q

Internal jugular veins

A
  • Drain most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck
  • largest veins of the head and neck
31
Q

Dural sinuses (venous sinuses)

A
  • Interconnected chambers that lie between the dura mater layers
  • Drain into internal jugular vein
32
Q

Central anatomy

A

IVC - Renal Vein - Hepatic Veins

33
Q

Inferior vena cava (IVC)

A
  • largest vein in the body formed by the union of common iliac veins at level of L5
  • superiorly through retroperitoneum and anterior to spine right of the aorta
  • posterior surface of the liver, passes through the diaphragm, right atrium of the heart
34
Q

Renal veins

A
  • drain from the hilum of each kidney
  • anterior to the artery and empty into the lateral walls of the IVC
  • left Renal veins travel posterior to superior mesenteric artery and anterior to aorta
  • RRV is shorter and travels more INFERIORLY
35
Q

Hepatic veins

A
  • short veins (right middle left) collect blood from liver
  • empty into IVC below diaphragm
  • right and left drain right and left lobe
  • middle hepatic drains medial segment of the left lobe and anterior segment of right lobe
36
Q

The portal system

A
  • venous but gathers returning blood from bowel and spleen in a separate system from the venous circulation
  • contains nutrients and oxygen
  • consists of
    + main portal vein
    + superior mesenteric vein
    + splenic
    + inferior mesenteric
37
Q

Main portal vein

A
  • MPV forms behind neck of the Panc by the confluence of the SMV and splenic vein
  • length of MPV averages between 5.5-8.0 and the diameter is 1 cm
  • runs behind first portion of the duodenum to the porta hepatis then divides into right and left portal branches
  • receives right and left gastric veins left recipes paraumbilical
38
Q

Superior mesenteric vein

A
  • originates at the root of the mesentary
  • in front of third portion of the duodenum and uncinate
  • parallels SMA to the left
39
Q

Splenic vein

A
  • begins at hilum of the spleen
  • courses medial and superior within the abdomen and bordering the posterior surface of the pancreatic body and tail
  • left gastroepiploic vein and short gastric veins empty into it
  • long axis identified on transverse
  • joins SMV to form MPV at level of the Panc neck demonstrating a widening
  • junction of SMV and Sv at portal confluence
40
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein

A
  • begins midway down the anal canal as the superior rectal vein
  • runs up posterior abdominal wall onleft side and joins splenic vein behind pancreas
  • difficult to see
41
Q

Upper extremity venous anatomy

A
  • deep veins always accompanied by an artery with the same name and paired
  • superficial veins join with deep veins closer to the skin surface and do not have artery
  • PRIMARY ROUTE OF VENOUS DRAINAGE FOR UE IS THROUGH SUPERFICIAL VEINS
42
Q

Deep veins of UE

A
  • innominate - subclavian - axillary- basilic and brachial (x2) - ulnar Veins (x2) and radial veins (x2)
43
Q

Subclavian veins

A
  • changes into axillary Artery at lateral border of 1st rib

- cephalic vein joins in at distal clavicle medial to numeral Head to form subclavian

44
Q

Axillary vein

A
  • short segment of vein beginning at lateral first rib formed by brachial and basilic vein
45
Q

Brachial vein

A
  • duplicates on either side of the artery
  • joins with basilic vein to form axillary artery
  • formed by ulnar and radial vein
46
Q

Ulnar veins

A
  • duplicated
  • courses along medial aspect of forearm
  • joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
47
Q

Radial vein

A
  • duplicates
  • courses along lateral aspect of forearm
  • joins with ulnar vein to form brachial vein
48
Q

Superficial veins

A
  • cephalic vein and basilic vein and median cubital vein
49
Q

Cephalic vein

A
  • joins with axillary artery at the distal clavicle, medial to humeral Head to form subclavian vein
  • gives off median cubital vein near elbow and forms lateral dorsal arch of the hand
50
Q

Basilic vein

A
  • joins the brachial vein to become the axillary vein at teres major muscle
  • courses along medial aspect of bicep and forearm and forms medial dorsal arch of hand
51
Q

The perforators

A
  • connect the superficial to deep vein system and allow flow in one direction
  • Dodd’s, Boyd’s, Cocketts
52
Q

Dodd’s

A
  • medial thigh
  • hand width about the knee
  • thigh perforators
53
Q

Boyd’s

A
  • medial calf
  • immediately below knee
  • knee perforators
54
Q

Cockett’s

A
  • medial lower third of calf

- ankle perforators

55
Q

Tunica intima

A
  • single layer epithelial cells

- where valves originate

56
Q

Tunica media

A
  • thicker layer smooth muscle and collagen fiber
57
Q

Tunica adventitia

A
  • fibrous layer surrounding elastic tissue

Vascular (7 decks)

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