Module 1 What is psychology

Question 1

The actual application of discovered techniques to solve specific practical problems

Answer 1

Applied Practice

Question 2

The use of psychological principles to solve practical problems, typically by influencing behavior or changing the environment to match existing behavior

Answer 2

Applied Psychology

Question 3

Research done in an effort to discover a new or more effective way to solve a specific practical problem

Answer 3

Applied research

Question 4

Work done by psychologists to understand the fundamental principles of behavior and mind

Answer 4

Basic research

Question 5

Any observable action, including words, gestures, responses, and more that can be repeated, measured, and are affected by a situation to produce or remove some outcome. Behavior can also refer to biological activity, including actions on the cellular level

Answer 5

Behavior

Question 6

An approach to psychology that suggests observable behavior should be the only topic of study, ignoring conscious experience

Answer 6

Behaviorism

Question 7

The view that all human behavior is controlled by genetic and biological influences

Answer 7

biological determinism

Question 8

A form of applied psychology that focuses on identifying, preventing, and relieving distress or dysfunction that is psychological in origin

Answer 8

clinical psychology

Question 9

Psychologists who focus on helping people deal with ongoing situations, or on the adjustment from one situation to another

Answer 9

Counseling psychologists

Question 10

A shared set of beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and customs belonging to a specific group of community

Answer 10

Culture

Question 11

The philosophical position that the mind and the body are entirely separate from one another

Answer 11

Dualism

Question 12

An approach to clinical psychology that uses different therapeutic techniques based on their effectiveness for the current situation.

Answer 12

eclectic approach

Question 13

The view that knowledge arises directly from experience

Answer 13

Empiricism

Question 14

The study of psychology from an evolutionary perspective, it proposes that many mental processes have developed in response to natural selection to solve adaptive problems

Answer 14

Evolutionary psychology

Question 15

An approach to psychology that is critical of cultural influences on gender and gender differences in behavior

Answer 15

Feminist psychology

Question 16

A kind of proximate explanation that seeks to identify a specific problem as the cause of a trait, behavior, or mental process

Answer 16

Functional explanation

Question 17

An early movement in psychology whose proponents believed that an understanding of a behavior or process’ function was critical to understanding its operation

Answer 17

Functionalism

Question 18

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the ability of humans to make their own choices and realize their own potential

Answer 18

Humanistic psychology

Question 19

An approach to studying cultural influences that emphasizes examining how multiple social identities intersect at the level of the individual person to alter their experiences

Answer 19

intersectional approach

Question 20

The acknowledgment that different explanations for a phenomenon can complement one another

Answer 20

Levels of explanation

Question 21

The contents of conscious experience, including sensations, perceptions, thoughts, and emotions

Answer 21

Mind

Question 22

The view that some forms of knowledge are inborn, or innate

Answer 22

Nativism

Question 23

The principle that traits which contribute to improvements in survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed down to later generations

Answer 23

Natural selection

Question 24

The pseudoscientific study of the shape of the human skull in an attempt to associate brain areas with specific characteristics, thoughts, or abilities

Answer 24

Phrenology

Question 25

An outgrowth of humanistic psychology, positive psychology studies specific virtues of the human experience, including topics such as happiness, trust, charity, and gratitude

Answer 25

Positive psychology

Question 26

A kind of proximate explanation that focuses on how a specific mental or physical process directly explains a trait or behavior

Answer 26

Process-oriented explanations

Question 27

Explanations that seek to describe an immediate cause of a trait, behavior, or mental process

Answer 27

Proximate explanations

Question 28

A medical doctor who is trained to assess and treat psychological disorders. Psychiatrists often prescribe and manage psychiatric medications

Answer 28

Psychiatrist

Question 29

A form of psychotherapy coined by Sigmund Freud that seeks to help clients gain more insight into their unconscious thoughts, behaviors, and motivations

Answer 29

Psychoanalysis

Question 30

The scientific study of both behavior and mind

Answer 30

Psychology

Question 31

The first movement in the history of psychology, which focused on breaking down immediate conscious experiences (such as sensations and feelings) into their constituent parts

Answer 31

Structuralism

Question 32

One of the first strategies to make inferences about the contents of the mind, it was an effort to standardize the way that people reported their own experiences

Answer 32

Systematic introspection

Question 33

Research that attempts to take basic findings and turn them into solutions for practical problems

Answer 33

Translational research

Question 34

Explanations that seek to describe the reasons why a trait, behavior, or mental process exists by appealing to its role in the process of evolution

Answer 34

Ultimate explanations