Module 10 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the 4 characteristics of psychopathy?
- Arrogant, deceitful interpersonal style
- Deficient affective experiences
- Impulsive and irresponsible behaviours
- Early onset and diverse antisocial behaviours
What percent of the population would meet the criteria for psychopathy?
1%
What are the 3 types of assessments for psychopathy?
- Self report inventories
- Informant rating
- Clinical rating
What is the most common psychopathy assessment?
Psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)
What is the psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)?
- Semi structured interview and file review
- 20 item questionnaire
- 3 point scale (0,1,2)
- total score of 40 (>30 = psychopathy)
- Scored by qualified professional
- Youth version = PCL:YV
Do male or female criminals score higher on PCL-R?
Males
What are the 4 facets of psychopathy?
- Interpersonal
- Affective
- Lifestyle
- Antisocial
What are the traits of the first facet, interpersonal?
- Glib/superficial
- Grandiose
- Lying
- Manipulative
What are the traits of the second facet, affective?
- Lack of remorse
- Shallow affect
- Lack of empathy
- Not responsible
What are the traits of the third facet, lifestyle?
- Needs stimulation
- Parasitic lifestyle
- Lack of goals
- Impulsivity
- Irresponsibility
What are the traits of the fourth facet, antisocial?
- Poor behaviour controls
- Early behaviour problems
- Delinquency
- Criminal versatility
What is antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)?
- Moderate to great impairment of self and relationships
- Elevations on 6 of the 7 criteria
- Manipulativeness
- Callousness
- Deceitfulness
- Hostility
- Risk taking
- Impulsivity
- Irresponsibility
What are the psychopathic specifiers in addition to ASPD?
Need the following traits
- Low anxiousness
- Low withdrawal
- High attention-seeking
- Meanness
- Disinhibition
- Boldness (not really a negative)
What are the 4 ethical problems with the PCL-R?
- Unqualified users (no manual or degree)
- Lack of specific expertise (no training)
- Deviation from recommended procedure (no interview)
- Violation of test security (materials sent to unqualified people)
What 3 things should we base our decision to assess psychopathic traits for use in the CJS?
- Sound assessment procedures
- Empirical evidence
- Ethical principles
Nature Vs. Nurture?
- Nature: how you are born. Out of control.
- Nurture: Things we can control. Things your taught, environment.
What is the concordance rate?
Percentage of two individuals who match one another on a specific trait or characteristic
Is there heritability with psychopathy?
moderate heritability (around 50%)
What part if the brain is important to psychopathy?
- Prefrontal cortex
- Striatum
- Amygdala/hippocampus
Is activation increased or decreased for negative emotional stimuli?
Increased
What is the striatum involved in and how does it differ in psychopaths?
- Voluntary movement, decision making and processing rewards
- Increased volume in psychopaths
- Reward oriented; less affected by consequences
What is the amygdala/hippocampus involved in and how does it differ in psychopaths?
- Emotion/memory centre
- Less blood flow/less processing of emotional stimuli
- Less affected by fear
When is the startle reflex magnified?
When a person is in negative emotional state/feels threatened
When is the startle reflex reduced?
When a person is in positive emotional state.
