Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

5222: Advanced Physiology > Module 10 - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Module 10 - Cardiovascular Flashcards

Exam 4 (62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 3 linings of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which is the innermost layer of the heart? Which is the outermost?

A

Innermost - Endocardium
Outermost - Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the epicardium, there are 2 important membranes called…

A

visceral and parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are DHP receptors?

A

Specialized voltage receptors that are sensitive to changes in Ca and somewhat to changes in Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What other receptor is related to the DHP?

A

RyR receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the RyR receptor?

A

This is where the Ca moves out from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Automaticity

A

Nodal cells can spontaneously depolarize when they reach RMP; this happens b/c of Na/K leak, which allows the cell to reach threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rhythmicity

A

The consistency of the automaticity (is it regular?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is what?

A

SA Node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If the SA node is not working, what is the next in line pacemaker?

A

AV Node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If the AV node AND the SA node are not working, what is the next pacemaker for the heart?

A

Purkinje Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many times per minute does the SA node depolarize?

A

60-100 (which is a normal RHR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The AV node depolarizes ___ times per minute

A

40-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Purkinje Fibers depolarize ____ times per minute

A

20-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What connects the SA and AV nodes?

A

Wenckebach’s Tract / middle tract AND the Thorel’s Tract / posterior tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What connects the SA node to the L Atrium?

A

Bachmann’s Bundle / anterior tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the main function of the AV node (when SA node is working)?

A

Pause the action potential for ~100 ms to allow for the ventricles to fill with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When the ___ ___ depolarize, the ventricles contract

A

Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semilunar valves

A

aortic, pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

tricuspid and mitral / bicuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tricuspid valve is on which side of the heart?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bicuspid / mitral valve is on which side of the heart?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: We should not have retrograde blood flow (from ventricles back to atria)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is retrograde blood flow called?

A

Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When we reach RMP, what happens to the nodal cell?
It becomes more permeable for cations to enter
26
What causes depolarization of the nodal cell?
The movement of Ca INTO the cell, particularly when Ca moves through the L-type Ca channel
27
Why are gap junctions important in the nodal cell AP?
They allow the ions to move through diffusion
28
What triggers myocyte action potential?
all the positive cations that are moving through the gap junctions
29
Which voltage-gated channel is fast vs. slow - Na and K?
Na is fast K is slow
30
What happens with all the Ca that moves into the myocyte?
it triggers the calcium-triggered calcium release from the RYR receptors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
31
What is the function of Ca in the cytoplasm of a muscle cell?
Muscle contraction
32
Repolarization of the nodal cell and myocyte is always due to what?
Movement of K+ OUT of the cell (Slow voltage-gated K channels)
33
Chronotropic factors are related to ____ _____
Heart rate
34
Inotropic factors are related to _____
the heart's ability to contract
35
Dromotropic factors are related to what?
the conduction speed
36
Epi/NE will generally cause the Nodal Cell curve to what?
Steepen - more APs, higher HR
37
ACh will generally ____ the depolarization curve.
Flatten; fewer APs, lower HR
38
During the P wave, what is happening in the heart?
Atrial depolarization
39
What is the PR interval?
Time from onset of the P wave to the QRS complex
40
What is happening during the PR interval?
AP at the AV node
41
T/F: There is NO electrical activity in the PR interval.
True.
42
What is happening in the heart during the QRS complex?
Ventricular depolarization Atrial repolarization
43
What is happening during the T wave in the heart?
Ventricular repolarization
44
What ion is leaving the ICF of the myocyte during the T wave?
K
45
If P(atria) > P(ventricles), the ____ valves open.
AV
46
at the end of the atrium draining out of blood, what happens?
Atrial kick - actively contracts to get the remaining blood into the ventricles
47
After the atrial kick, what would you expect to see on the ECG?
P wave
48
If P(ventricles) < P(aorta / pulmonary), what happens to the semilunar valves?
They stay closed
49
If P(ventricles) > P(atria), the ____ valves _____.
AV, close.
50
The first heart sound - LUB - comes from what?
The closing of the AV valves
51
If P(ventricles) > P(aorta/pulmonary) what happens the semilunar valves?
They open
52
End-Systolic Volume
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricles at the end of systole
53
End-Diastolic Volume
The amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
54
What causes the semilunar valves to close in isovolumetric relaxation?
The contraction of the arteries (Retrograde / Pulse wave)
55
The second DUB heart sound comes from what?
The closing of the semilunar valves
56
Preload
amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac myocytes at the end of diastole
57
Contractility
Force of contraction at any given EDV (independent of Frank Starling Mechanism)
58
Afterload
The pressure that the LV must work against to eject blood during systole
59
What are positive influencer(s) of SV?
Preload and contractility
60
What is the negative influencer for SV?
Afterload
61
If we generate a greater P1 and P2 and Resistance stay constant, what happens to F?
Flow will increase
62
Chronic afterload is associated with what clinical condition?
LV hypertrophy

5222: Advanced Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions