Module 10 The First & Second Crusades Flashcards
What was the time period during which the Crusades took place?
1095 to 1291
What was the primary goal of the Crusades?
To recapture the city of Jerusalem from Muslim control
Why is Jerusalem considered a sacred city for Jews?
It was the capital of their ancient kingdom and the location of their destroyed Temple
Why is Jerusalem considered a sacred city for Muslims?
It is the supposed location where Muhammad was taken up into heaven
Why is Jerusalem considered a sacred city for Christians?
It is where key events in the life of Jesus took place
What significant event occurred in 630 regarding Muhammad?
Muhammad took control of Mecca
Who succeeded Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims?
Abu Bakr
What title is given to the successors of Muhammad?
Caliph
What territories were conquered by Abu Bakr and his successors within ten years after Muhammad’s death?
- Arabian Peninsula
- Persian Empire
- Much of the Byzantine Empire
- Syria
- Palestine
- Egypt
- Much of North Africa
- Parts of India
What battle in 1071 marked the beginning of the decline of the Byzantine Empire?
Battle of Manzikert
What request did Byzantine Emperor Alexius make to Pope Urban II?
For military assistance against Muslim Turks
What was the outcome of the People’s Crusade led by Peter the Hermit?
The peasant army was soundly beaten
What did Pope Urban II promise to those who volunteered for the Crusade?
Immediate pardon for their sins
What was the initial number of Crusaders that set out from Constantinople?
Fifty thousand
What significant event occurred in June of 1099?
The Crusaders captured Jerusalem
What were the four Crusader states established after the First Crusade?
- Edessa
- Antioch
- Tripoli
- Jerusalem
What triggered the Second Crusade?
The fall of Edessa in 1144
Who led the Second Crusade?
King Louis VII of France
What was one of the main objectives of the First Crusade?
To capture Jerusalem
Fill in the blank: The Muslims defeated a Byzantine army in 1071 at the Battle of _________.
Manzikert
True or False: The Byzantine Empire remained militarily dominant after 1071.
False
What significant cultural impact did the Crusaders experience upon arriving in Constantinople?
They realized how much knowledge had been lost after the fall of Rome.
