Module 10: Trauma-and-Stressor Related Disorders Flashcards
What are the different Trauma-and-Stressor Related Disorders?
- Reactive Attachment Disorder
- Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Acute Stress Disorder
- Adjustment Disorder
- Prolonged Grief Disorder
Reactive Attachment Disorder
withdrawn toward adult caregivers
When can reactive attachment disorder be evident in an individual?
evident before age 5 years
What kind of history do individuals with reactive attachment have?
history of severe social neglect
Persistent Reactive Attachment Disorder
more than 12 months
Severe Reactive Attachment Disorder
when a child exhibits all symptoms of the disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels
How does reactive attachment disorder affect children?
significantly impairs young children’s abilities to relate interpersonally to adults or peers
What is reactive attachment disorder comorbid with?
co-morbid with cognitive delays, language delays and stereotypies
What other additional symptoms may occur in an individual with reactive attachment disorder?
internalizing symptoms may also co-occur
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults
What is the difference between Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder and ADHD?
can be distinguished from ADHD by not showing difficulties in attention or hyperactivity
How long should the duration of symptoms of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder be for it to be Persistent?
more than 12 months
How long should the duration of symptoms of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder be for it to be Severe?
when a child exhibits all symptoms of the
disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
+ occurs due to exposure to actual death, injury or sexual violence (direct experience, witness, learning that the event happened to a close family, repeated exposure)
+ too much use of dissociation
How long should the duration of the symptoms be for a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to be made?
more than 1 month
Biological Background of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
heightened activity in the HPA axis
What does a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder require?
requires trauma exposure precede the onset of the symptoms
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Delayed Expression
if full criteria are not met until at least 6 months after the event
Acute Stress Disorder
exposure to trauma (direct experience, witness, learning that event occurred to close fam, repeated exposure)
How long should the duration of Acute Stress Disorder be before a diagnosis can be made?
3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure
What is the difference between ASD and PTSD?
if the symptoms persists for more than 1 month and meet the criteria for PTSD, then PTSD will be diagnosed
Adjustment Disorder
development of emotional or behavior symptoms in response to identifiable stressors occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressors
What will happen when Adjustment Disorder symptoms persist beyond 6 months?
If symptoms persist beyond 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have ceased, the diagnosis will no longer apply (Other specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder)
When is Adjustment Disorder diagnosed instead of Bereavement?
May sometimes be diagnosed instead of bereavement if bereavement is judged to be out of proportion to what would be expected or significantly impairs self-care and interpersonal relations
Who are the people who are at high risk for being diagnosed with an Adjustment Disorder?
persons from disadvantaged life circumstances experience a high rate of stressors and may be at risk for adjustment disorders
When should the symptoms of Adjustment Disorder be before it is diagnosed?
within 3 months
Prolonged Grief Disorder
death, at least 12 months, of a person close to the bereaved individual (6 months for children)
What is Prolonged Grief Disorder focused on?
+ focused on loss and separation from a loved one rather than reflecting generalized low mood
+ distress from a deceased person
What heightens Prolonged Grief Disorder?
heightened by increased dependency on the deceased prior to death
Who are most likely to get Prolonged Grief Disorder? Men or women?
women
What risks may Prolonged Grief Disorder increase?
increased tobacco and alcohol use and other medical conditions
What is Prolonged Grief Disorder co-morbid with?
co-morbid with MDD, PTSD and substance-use disorders (also, Separation Anxiety Disorder)
