Module 10: Trauma-and-Stressor Related Disorders

Question 1

What are the different Trauma-and-Stressor Related Disorders?

Answer 1

1. Reactive Attachment Disorder
2. Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
3. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
4. Acute Stress Disorder
5. Adjustment Disorder
6. Prolonged Grief Disorder

Question 2

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 2

withdrawn toward adult caregivers

Question 3

When can reactive attachment disorder be evident in an individual?

Answer 3

evident before age 5 years

Question 4

What kind of history do individuals with reactive attachment have?

Answer 4

history of severe social neglect

Question 5

Persistent Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 5

more than 12 months

Question 6

Severe Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 6

when a child exhibits all symptoms of the disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels

Question 7

How does reactive attachment disorder affect children?

Answer 7

significantly impairs young children’s abilities to relate interpersonally to adults or peers

Question 8

What is reactive attachment disorder comorbid with?

Answer 8

co-morbid with cognitive delays, language delays and stereotypies

Question 9

What other additional symptoms may occur in an individual with reactive attachment disorder?

Answer 9

internalizing symptoms may also co-occur

Question 10

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 10

actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults

Question 11

What is the difference between Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder and ADHD?

Answer 11

can be distinguished from ADHD by not showing difficulties in attention or hyperactivity

Question 12

How long should the duration of symptoms of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder be for it to be Persistent?

Answer 12

more than 12 months

Question 13

How long should the duration of symptoms of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder be for it to be Severe?

Answer 13

when a child exhibits all symptoms of the
disorder, with each symptom manifesting at relatively high levels

Question 14

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 14

+ occurs due to exposure to actual death, injury or sexual violence (direct experience, witness, learning that the event happened to a close family, repeated exposure)
+ too much use of dissociation

Question 15

How long should the duration of the symptoms be for a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder to be made?

Answer 15

more than 1 month

Question 16

Biological Background of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 16

heightened activity in the HPA axis

Question 17

What does a diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder require?

Answer 17

requires trauma exposure precede the onset of the symptoms

Question 18

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Delayed Expression

Answer 18

if full criteria are not met until at least 6 months after the event

Question 19

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 19

exposure to trauma (direct experience, witness, learning that event occurred to close fam, repeated exposure)

Question 20

How long should the duration of Acute Stress Disorder be before a diagnosis can be made?

Answer 20

3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure

Question 21

What is the difference between ASD and PTSD?

Answer 21

if the symptoms persists for more than 1 month and meet the criteria for PTSD, then PTSD will be diagnosed

Question 22

Adjustment Disorder

Answer 22

development of emotional or behavior symptoms in response to identifiable stressors occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressors

Question 23

What will happen when Adjustment Disorder symptoms persist beyond 6 months?

Answer 23

If symptoms persist beyond 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have ceased, the diagnosis will no longer apply (Other specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder)

Question 24

When is Adjustment Disorder diagnosed instead of Bereavement?

Answer 24

May sometimes be diagnosed instead of bereavement if bereavement is judged to be out of proportion to what would be expected or significantly impairs self-care and interpersonal relations

Question 25

Who are the people who are at high risk for being diagnosed with an Adjustment Disorder?

Answer 25

persons from disadvantaged life circumstances experience a high rate of stressors and may be at risk for adjustment disorders

Question 26

When should the symptoms of Adjustment Disorder be before it is diagnosed?

Answer 26

within 3 months

Question 27

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Answer 27

death, at least 12 months, of a person close to the bereaved individual (6 months for children)

Question 28

What is Prolonged Grief Disorder focused on?

Answer 28

+ focused on loss and separation from a loved one rather than reflecting generalized low mood
+ distress from a deceased person

Question 29

What heightens Prolonged Grief Disorder?

Answer 29

heightened by increased dependency on the deceased prior to death

Question 30

Who are most likely to get Prolonged Grief Disorder? Men or women?

Answer 30

women

Question 31

What risks may Prolonged Grief Disorder increase?

Answer 31

increased tobacco and alcohol use and other medical conditions

Question 32

What is Prolonged Grief Disorder co-morbid with?

Answer 32

co-morbid with MDD, PTSD and substance-use disorders (also, Separation Anxiety Disorder)