Module 11 Flashcards

Question

Eating disorder

Answer 1

Eating disorders are characterized by a preoccupation with food, body weight and shape that leads to behaviour such as starvation, fasting, binge eating and purging and excessive exercise • Pathogenic behaviour becomes the main focus in daily life. • Other areas in life such as family, school/work and social life are given less priority

Answer 2

Module 11- slide 14

Answer 3

• Heath consequences • Performance consequences • Other personal consequences

Answer 4

• Can be extensive • Can impact functioning of the nervous and cardiac systems; decrease bone mineral density, loss of lean body mass, hormonal imbalance; skin conditions; hair loss; etc

Answer 5

• Physical implications • Psychological implications (Pre occupation with the behaviours around the disorder)

Answer 6

• Psychological • Social -High degree of stress about body image, withdraw from social circles, and tend to be more private

Answer 7

• Disordered eating is more prevalent among athletes than non-athletes • Suggests this is a important problem in the sport domain • The majority of studies looking at prevalence of eating disorders focus on female athletes

Answer 8

• Men and boys can also be affected • Eating disorders and disordered eating exist in all gender groups Females up to 90% of people who will reach out for help, however in the sport domain woman n girls are more prevalent

Answer 9

The prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders is high among adolescent and adult athletes, especially among athletes competing in weight sensitive sports

Answer 10

Reported prevalence rates are higher in sports: -that have an aesthetic element (e.g., gymnastics, figure skating) -that have weight class (e.g., rowing, wrestling, boxing) - where having a low body mass is seen as advantageous (e.g., distance / endurance running and cycling)

Answer 11

-College/university aged populations show higher prevalence rates Athletes in lean sports exhibited more disordered eating behaviours compared to athletes in non-lean sports -Also exhibited more body dissatisfaction -Seems to hold across various levels of competitions

Answer 12

• Challenges with measurement and reporting • Likely underestimated • However, looking at prevalence can still be valuable as it gives an estimate of the number of athletes at risk. - Or subgroups of athletes

Answer 13

• Lack of longitudinal studies make the identification of “definitive” risk factors difficult to determine. • And it is likely a combination of several factors that contribute to disordered eating

Answer 14

• Predisposing factors: biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors • Trigger factors: negative comments, traumatic experiences • Perpetuating factors: influence of others, physiological consequences • Sport-specific risk factors should also be considered.

Answer 15

• Biology and genetics • Age • Pubertal status • Anabolic-androgenic steroid use • Physical and/or sexual abuse

Answer 16

• Body dissatisfaction • Low self-esteem • Personality traits (e.g. perfectionism) • Negative affect

Answer 17

• Eating disorders in the family • Peer pressure • Influence of media • Bullying

Answer 18

• Weight cycling and dieting pressure • Early start of sport-specific training • Traumatic events including injuries • Coaching behaviour • Rules and regulations in sports

Answer 19

 Some teams have put screening procedures in place.  Issues may be detected by coach, support staff, doctor, parent, teammate, or the athlete

Answer 20

Education -Recognizing warning signs - How to help / refer Integrated support team approach *Education - building capacity and knowing how to discuss Early warning signs Know what’s naturally possible Better understanding of your body’s Treatment approaches are varied, depending on the issues at hand. -Refer to a psychologist

Answer 21

• No specific widespread guidelines currently exist • Specific criteria would be helpful for those guiding athletes • Multiple factors to consider: status of recovery, type of sport, potential for triggers • What is full recovery -We need more evidence based guidelines, we do not have any right now because the issue is so complex

Answer 22

 Studying young athletes  Influence of teammates  Influence of coach  Influence of environment  Assessing exercise in athletes - What is an acceptable amount? How can we assess when it becomes excessive? - Sport as a “reason” for excessive exercise  Best practices for treatment - As well as prevention and detection

Answer 23

Sociocultural theories of body image 1. Tripartite Influence Model of Body Image 2. Self-Discrepancy Theory

Answer 24

•Proposes media, parents, & peers influences BI.

Answer 25

- Repeated media exposure to idealized & attractive images may promote self-criticism. • Social media platforms support positive & negative BI. • Desire to post favourably & self-promote may lead viewers to envy & shame. - Shame is that negative emotion that is linked to self, it’s not linked to behaviour, something we try to avoid

Answer 26

•Parents may influence negative BI by: • Rejection, setting appearance norms, & modelling behaviour, encouraging weight control & shape, and behaviours like teasing and being negative. -If children feel like they don’t meet the expectations of there parents

Answer 27

• Peers may influence negative BI by: • Social disapproval/rejection, teasing, body-related feedback about weight & shape, & negative commentary.

Answer 28

Help model body positivity by taking care of body, dispel negative ideals, and the ability to bring individuals up

Answer 29

•Compare self to internalized standards called self-guides. •Two types of self-guides: 1. Ideal self 2. Ought self •Two types of self-discrepancies: 1. Actual:ideal discrepancy 2. Actual:ought discrepancy

Answer 30

reflects hopes & aspirations of what people want to be. If there were no constrains, ultimate desire to look like or do

Answer 31

Reflect a what individual thinking the y should be - able to get

Answer 32

-occurs when perception is current state is discrepancy from the it ideal State Actual is how they are viewing themselves (it’s there perception)

Answer 33

-occurs when perception is current state is discrepancy from state they feel they should be Actual is how they are viewing themselves (it’s there perception)

Answer 34

• Gender • Illness • Injury • Sport involvement and type • Social and environmental factors

Answer 35

• Gender -Women report more • Illness/Injury -Influence how people Think and feel about there body, it can impact what there bodies can do and look Like.

Answer 36

• Sport involvement and type -Weigh class sports and aesthetic sports • Social and environmental factors -Feeling of being evaluated, some sport that do have a evaluation component, a lot of sport are evaluative, evaluation on what the body can do , a lot of comparison, these environments with high degree of perception of evaluation can be very negative for an individual People with high social physique anxiety would be affected more

Answer 37

• Physical activity • Health compromising behaviours • Mental health • Cardiometabolic risk factors

Answer 38

Positive side: Promote or decrease PA, I look good I don’t need to be active, I look good, I want to continue to look good Authentic pride has higher levels of exercise retention Hubristic pride will dos not have the same relationships with increasing PA

Answer 39

Negative BI leads to More unhealthy eating behaviour, drinking , smoking, riskier sexual behaviour , depressive symptoms, social physique anxiety Big people get more plastic surgery done or abuse more substance, riskier sexual behaviour

Answer 40

Increased level of cortisol, immune markers, linked to different cardiovascular diseases, The link is the stress in managing the body image issues

Answer 41

The body that’s required for sport ilooos different than the body that is required for a social Setting Muscular women in sport vs want to be less muscular in social

Answer 42

• Create supportive environments that limit judgments, evaluations & dispel body ideals. • Create appreciation of unique bodies. • Create intervention strategies to manage appearance- related social pressures. • Develop interventions that involve parents and peers promotion positive body image norms.

Answer 43

• Eating disorders are clinically diagnosed mental health conditions characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviours and related thoughts and emotions. • Defined by the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). • Diagnosis requires meeting specific criteria set by mental health professionals, including patterns of behaviour, emotional distress, and physical health impacts • Eg, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder • These disorders often lead to serious physical, psychological, and social consequences, including malnutrition, organ damage, and significant impairment in daily functioning. • Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical care, therapy, and sometimes medication.

Answer 44

• Disordered eating involves a range of irregular eating behaviours that do not meet the full criteria for an eating disorder but may still negatively impact an individual's physical and mental health. • Eg, chronic dieting, skipping meals, extreme calorie counting, using food as a coping mechanism, or following rigid food rules without medical necessity (e.g., unnecessary food restrictions) • Not a clinical diagnosis; instead, it is a descriptive term for unhealthy eating patterns or behaviours. • May not cause the same level of harm as eating disorders but can still lead to physical and emotional stress, poor nutrition, and, in some cases, progress into an eating disorder if left unaddressed