Module 11

Question 1

invertabrates

Answer 1

Animals that lack a backbone

Question 2

Vertebrates

Answer 2

Vertebrates – Animals that possess a backbone

Question 3

Spherical symmetry

Answer 3

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center.

Question 4

Radial symmetry

Answer 4

An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.

Question 5

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 5

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

Question 6

Epidermis

Answer 6

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

Question 7

Mesenchyme

Answer 7

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

Question 8

Collar cells

Answer 8

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

Question 9

Amoebocytes

Answer 9

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals

Question 10

Gemmule

Answer 10

A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell

Question 11

polyp

Answer 11

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

Question 12

medusa

Answer 12

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

Question 13

epithelium

Answer 13

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

Question 14

mesoglea

Answer 14

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

Question 15

Nematocysts

Answer 15

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

Question 16

how do sponges get thier prey?

Answer 16

as water flows into the sponges so does its prey.

Question 17

if a sponge is soft does it contain spicules or spongin? what purpose do these both serve in a sponge?

Answer 17

if a sponge is soft it contains spongin. They weave throughout the mesenchyme, providing a framework that supports the sponge.

Question 18

polyp

Answer 18

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

Question 19

medusa

Answer 19

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

Question 20

epithelium

Answer 20

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

Question 21

mesoglea

Answer 21

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

Question 22

Nematocysts

Answer 22

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

Question 23

how do sponges get thier prey?

Answer 23

as water flows into the sponges so does its prey.

Question 24

if a sponge is soft does it contain spicules or spongin? what purpose do these both serve in a sponge?

Answer 24

if a sponge is soft it contains spongin. hey weave throughout the mesenchyme, providing a framework that supports the sponge.

Question 25

what is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

Answer 25

Budding is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge.

Question 26

what roles do amoebocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge?

Answer 26

they are used for digestion, transportation of waste products, exchange gases, produce lime/silica to form spicules.

Question 27

when does a sponge produce gemmules?

Answer 27

During inclement temperatures.

Question 28

what is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone.

Answer 28

The nematocysts in the sea anemone are triggered chemically. Hydra's are triggered by pressure.

Question 29

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

Answer 29

Because their epithelial layers are so thin, that gases and water can pass through.

Question 30

some biology books say that jellyfish live "dual lives." Why?

Answer 30

Because they spend part of their lives as a polyp and the other as medusa.

Question 31

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

Answer 31

Medusa form

Question 32

What is another name for a large coral colony?

Answer 32

coral reefs

Question 33

What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil that they inhabit?

Answer 33

They help loosen soil, spred nutrients, and their tunnels allow oxygen to travel to roots of plants.

Question 34

If you pick up 2 earthworms and he first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first one?

Answer 34

that it would've recently mated but not yet produced a cocoon.

Question 35

What similarities exist between the hydra's sexual reproduction and the earthworm?

Answer 35

They're both hermaphroditic.

Question 36

What differences exist between the hydra's sexual reproduction and the earthworm?

Answer 36

The hydra can reproduce with itself. the earthworm cant.

Question 37

What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry?

Answer 37

It will suffocate.

Question 38

Why don't planarians need circulatory systems?

Answer 38

Because the intestines are close enough to the cells so that digestion can be done by diffusion.

Question 39

If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

Answer 39

Parasitic

Question 40

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

Answer 40

regeneration

Question 41

What phyla does the sea anemone belong in?

Answer 41

Cnidaria

Question 42

What phyla does the clam belong to?

Answer 42

Mollusca

Question 43

What phyla does the sponge belong in?

Answer 43

Porifera

Question 44

What phyla does the flatworm belong in?

Answer 44

platyhelminthes

Question 45

What phyla does the segmented worm belong in?

Answer 45

annelida

Question 46

anterior end

Answer 46

the end of an animal that contains its head

Question 47

posterior end

Answer 47

the end of an animal that contains its tail.

Question 48

circulatory system

Answer 48

a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances.

Question 49

nervous system

Answer 49

a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch and taste.

Question 50

ganglia

Answer 50

masses of nerve cell bodies

Question 51

hermaphroditic

Answer 51

possessing both the male and female reproductive organs

Question 52

regeneration

Answer 52

the ability to grow a missing part of the body.

Question 53

mantle

Answer 53

a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, secretes its shell, and performs respiration.

Question 54

shell

Answer 54

a tough multilayered structure secreted by the mantle. generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support.

Question 55

Visceral hump

Answer 55

a hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive and excretory organs.

Question 56

foot

Answer 56

a muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal

Question 57

radula

Answer 57

a organ that is covered in teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths.

Question 58

univalve

Answer 58

an organ with a single shell

Question 59

bivalve

Answer 59

an organism with two shells.

Question 60

if you pick up two earth and the first feels verry slimy near the clittellum and the second does not,what can you conclude about the first earthworm.

Answer 60

if the first worm feels slimy near the clitellum, this means that it is covered with a slime coat. thus, the first one must have recently mated but not yet produced a cacoon

Question 61

What type of symmetry is found in all cnidarians?

Answer 61

bilateral symmetry.