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Biology flashards > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

invertabrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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2
Q

Vertebrates

A

Vertebrates – Animals that possess a backbone

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3
Q

Spherical symmetry

A

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center.

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4
Q

Radial symmetry

A

An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.

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5
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

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7
Q

Mesenchyme

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

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8
Q

Collar cells

A

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

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9
Q

Amoebocytes

A

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals

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10
Q

Gemmule

A

A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell

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11
Q

polyp

A

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

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12
Q

medusa

A

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

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13
Q

epithelium

A

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

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14
Q

mesoglea

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

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15
Q

Nematocysts

A

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

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16
Q

how do sponges get thier prey?

A

as water flows into the sponges so does its prey.

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17
Q

if a sponge is soft does it contain spicules or spongin? what purpose do these both serve in a sponge?

A

if a sponge is soft it contains spongin. They weave throughout the mesenchyme, providing a framework that supports the sponge.

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18
Q

polyp

A

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

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19
Q

medusa

A

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

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20
Q

epithelium

A

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance.

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21
Q

mesoglea

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

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22
Q

Nematocysts

A

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.

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23
Q

how do sponges get thier prey?

A

as water flows into the sponges so does its prey.

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24
Q

if a sponge is soft does it contain spicules or spongin? what purpose do these both serve in a sponge?

A

if a sponge is soft it contains spongin. hey weave throughout the mesenchyme, providing a framework that supports the sponge.

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25
Q

what is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

A

Budding is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge.

26
Q

what roles do amoebocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge?

A

they are used for digestion, transportation of waste products, exchange gases, produce lime/silica to form spicules.

27
Q

when does a sponge produce gemmules?

A

During inclement temperatures.

28
Q

what is the difference between the nematocysts of a hydra and those of a sea anemone.

A

The nematocysts in the sea anemone are triggered chemically. Hydra’s are triggered by pressure.

29
Q

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

A

Because their epithelial layers are so thin, that gases and water can pass through.

30
Q

some biology books say that jellyfish live “dual lives.” Why?

A

Because they spend part of their lives as a polyp and the other as medusa.

31
Q

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

A

Medusa form

32
Q

What is another name for a large coral colony?

A

coral reefs

33
Q

What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil that they inhabit?

A

They help loosen soil, spred nutrients, and their tunnels allow oxygen to travel to roots of plants.

34
Q

If you pick up 2 earthworms and he first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first one?

A

that it would’ve recently mated but not yet produced a cocoon.

35
Q

What similarities exist between the hydra’s sexual reproduction and the earthworm?

A

They’re both hermaphroditic.

36
Q

What differences exist between the hydra’s sexual reproduction and the earthworm?

A

The hydra can reproduce with itself. the earthworm cant.

37
Q

What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry?

A

It will suffocate.

38
Q

Why don’t planarians need circulatory systems?

A

Because the intestines are close enough to the cells so that digestion can be done by diffusion.

39
Q

If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

A

Parasitic

40
Q

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

A

regeneration

41
Q

What phyla does the sea anemone belong in?

A

Cnidaria

42
Q

What phyla does the clam belong to?

A

Mollusca

43
Q

What phyla does the sponge belong in?

A

Porifera

44
Q

What phyla does the flatworm belong in?

A

platyhelminthes

45
Q

What phyla does the segmented worm belong in?

A

annelida

46
Q

anterior end

A

the end of an animal that contains its head

47
Q

posterior end

A

the end of an animal that contains its tail.

48
Q

circulatory system

A

a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances.

49
Q

nervous system

A

a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch and taste.

50
Q

ganglia

A

masses of nerve cell bodies

51
Q

hermaphroditic

A

possessing both the male and female reproductive organs

52
Q

regeneration

A

the ability to grow a missing part of the body.

53
Q

mantle

A

a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, secretes its shell, and performs respiration.

54
Q

shell

A

a tough multilayered structure secreted by the mantle. generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support.

55
Q

Visceral hump

A

a hump that contains a mollusk’s heart, digestive and excretory organs.

56
Q

foot

A

a muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal

57
Q

radula

A

a organ that is covered in teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths.

58
Q

univalve

A

an organ with a single shell

59
Q

bivalve

A

an organism with two shells.

60
Q

if you pick up two earth and the first feels verry slimy near the clittellum and the second does not,what can you conclude about the first earthworm.

A

if the first worm feels slimy near the clitellum, this means that it is covered with a slime coat. thus, the first one must have recently mated but not yet produced a cacoon

61
Q

What type of symmetry is found in all cnidarians?

A

bilateral symmetry.

Biology flashards (8 decks)

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