module 13

Question 1

vertebrae

Answer 1

segments of bone or other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone.

Question 2

notochord

Answer 2

a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creatures body, providing the majority of its support.

Question 3

endoskeleton

Answer 3

a skeleton on the inside of a creatures body, typically composed of bone or cartilage.

Question 4

bone marrow

Answer 4

a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck and trunk.

Question 6

appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.

Question 7

closed circulatory system

Answer 7

a circulatory system in which the oxygen carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

Question 8

Ateries

Answer 8

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body.

Question 10

veins

Answer 10

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Question 11

Olfactory lobes

Answer 11

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose.

Question 12

cerebrum

Answer 12

the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creatures response to that information.

Question 13

optic lobes

Answer 13

the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes.

Question 14

cerebellum

Answer 14

the lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

Question 15

medulla oblongata

Answer 15

the lobes that coordinate vital functions, such those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

Question 16

internal fertilization

Answer 16

the process by which the male places sperm inside the females body where the eggs are fertilized.

Question 17

external fertalization

Answer 17

the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Question 18

oviparous development

Answer 18

Development that occurs in an egg that has hatched outside the females body.

Question 19

Ovoviviparous development

Answer 19

development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the mothers body.

Question 20

viviparous development

Answer 20

development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

Question 21

anadromous

Answer 21

a life cycle in wich creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

Question 23

Atrium

Answer 23

a heart chamber that receives blood.

Question 24

Ventricle

Answer 24

a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out.

Question 25

ectothermic

Answer 25

lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

Question 26

Hibernation

Answer 26

a state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures.

Question 27

what are the classifications of these animals? | frog....shark...lancelet....carp....sea squirt...lamprey eel.

Answer 27

``` Frog (class amphibia) shark (class chondrichthyes) lancelet (subphylum cephalochordata) carp (class Osteichthyes) sea squirt (subphylum urochordata) Lamprey eel (class Agnatha) ```

Question 28

what do sea squirts, laprey eels and amphibians have in common?

Answer 28

they all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult.

Question 29

what is the difference between cartilage and bone?

Answer 29

cartilage is more flexible and it is weaker than bone.

Question 30

you see a bloodvessel and you notice that the vessel wall is very thin, what kind of blood vessel might this be?

Answer 30

since capillaries have thin walls, it is most likely a capillary.

Question 31

what do red blood-cells do?

Answer 31

red blood cells carry oxygen n the blood

Question 32

what protein gives red blood cells their color?

Answer 32

hemoglobin gives red blood cells their color.

Question 33

if an animal is uncoordinated and they move their muscles in a jerky manner what lobe is small in this animal.

Answer 33

the cerebrum refines muscle movement, so its cerebrum must be small.

Question 34

if an animal has great vision which lobe in the owls brain is bigger in comparison to other vertebrates.

Answer 34

since owls have good eyesight, their optic lobes are enlarged.

Question 35

a creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg which hatches. is fertilization internal? or external? what kind of development is this?

Answer 35

fertilization is internal, because the female takes the sperm in to form a zygote, which is then encased in the egg. development is oviparous, because the egg hatches externally.

Question 36

which has the most non-flexible skeleton: a rey, a lamprey, or a salmon?

Answer 36

the only fish here that has a bony skeletal system is a salmon so the salmons skeleton is less flexible.

Question 37

what do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common?

Answer 37

Atlantic salmon and many lampreys are anadromous.

Question 38

what is the sharks most sensitive means of finding prey?

Answer 38

a sharks most sensitive means of finding prey is its electrical field sensor.

Question 39

what function does the lateral line perform in sharks and bony fish

Answer 39

the lateral line senses vibrations in the water.

Question 40

what functions do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? what functions does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

Answer 40

in both sharks and bony fish the dorsal fins are used for balance in water. in bony fish, the anterior dorsal fin is also a defensive weapon, because it is hard and sharp

Question 41

what is the difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

Answer 41

rays have this whip-like tails, while skates have thicker, fleshy tails.

Question 42

what are six common characteristics in amphibians?

Answer 42

their endoskeleton is made of mostly bone their skin is smooth with many capillaries and pigments. Amphibians do not have scales. they usually have four legs with webbed feet. they have four organs for respiration. they have a three chambered heart. they are oviparous with external fertilization.

Question 43

what is the difference between a toad and a frog?

Answer 43

frogs have smooth wet skin and live near water. toads have dry warty skin and need not live near water.

Question 44

what is the major respiratory organ for most amphibians?

Answer 44

the skin.