Module 11 Material Flashcards
Is the following statement true or false?
The term “common cold” refers to an infectious, chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity requiring hospitalization and treatment with IV antibiotics.
False
Rationale: The “common cold” is acute inflammation of the nasal cavity that is typically self‐limiting with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise. The term is used with acute URIs such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis and often when the causative agent is the influenza virus.
Is the following statement true or false?
The term “common cold” refers to an infectious, chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity requiring hospitalization and treatment with IV antibiotics.
False
Rationale: The “common cold” is acute inflammation of the nasal cavity that is typically self‐limiting with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, sore throat, and general malaise. The term is used with acute URIs such as rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis and often when the causative agent is the influenza virus.
Epistaxis
Hemorrhage from the nose
Medical Management of Epistaxis
Identify cause and location
Pinch soft portion of nose for 5 to 10 minutes, patient sits upright
Phenylephrine spray, vasoconstriction
Cauterize with silver nitrate or electrocautery
Gauze packing or balloon-inflated catheter inserted into nasal cavity for 3 to 4 days
Antibiotic therapy
What should the nurse recommend a patient with pharyngitis avoid?
A. ENDS use
B. Exposure to extreme heat
C. Secondhand smoke
D. A and C
D. A and C
Rationale: Patients diagnosed with chronic pharyngitis should avoid alcohol, tobacco, secondhand smoke, ENDS use, exposure to cold and environment and occupational pollutants. The patient can wear a disposable face mask to filter out small particles such as dust and mold. This patient should also stay hydrated with oral fluids and use lozenges or gargle with warm saline solution to relieve throat discomfort.
What is a priority education component for a patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy?
A. Clarify misconceptions after the patient speaks with the provider
B. Discuss the effect of surgery on speech postoperatively
C. Explain methods for communication postoperatively
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Rationale: Patients may experience severe anxiety at the thought of waking up from surgery and not being able to speak. Preoperatively, the nurse must clarify any misconceptions regarding the procedure and outcomes, discuss alternative strategies for communication after surgery, and reinforcement of teaching with patient and family that the patient’s natural voice will be lost.
Atelectasis
Closure or collapse of alveoli
Acute Tracheobronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea usually after a viral infection
Is the following statement true or false?
Once a patient recovers from tuberculosis they cannot develop an active case in the future.
False
Rationale: When a patient recovers from TB, the bacteria and macrophages become necrotic and form a calcified fibrous masse, a Ghon tubercle. At this point, the bacteria become dormant. However, future reinfection and activation of the dormant bacteria are possible with bacteria becoming airborne and further spreading the disease.
Medical Management of TB
Treated for 6 to 12 months
Drug resistance is primary concern
Initiate treatment with four or more medications
Complete all therapy
Initial treatment phase (8 weeks)
Continuation phase (4 to 7 months)
Sarcoidosis
Occurs between 20 and 40 years of age
More common in African American women
Interstitial lung disease that is inflammatory, multisystem, granulomatous with unknown origin (any organ may be affected)
Clinical picture depends on systems affected including dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, congestion, anorexia, fatigue, and weight loss
Empyema
Accumulation of thick, purulent fluid in pleural space
Acute Respiratory Failure
Rapid deterioration to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis
Impaired ventilation of perfusion mechanisms
Early signs: restlessness, tachycardia, hypertension, fatigue, headache
Later signs: confusion, lethargy, central cyanosis, diaphoresis, respiratory arrest
Clinical manifestations: use of accessory muscles, decreased breath sounds
Acute Respiratory Failure
Rapid deterioration to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis
Impaired ventilation of perfusion mechanisms
Early signs: restlessness, tachycardia, hypertension, fatigue, headache
Later signs: confusion, lethargy, central cyanosis, diaphoresis, respiratory arrest
Clinical manifestations: use of accessory muscles, decreased breath sounds
Is the following statement true or false?
Suctioning is performed every four hours for a patient with a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube.
False
Rationale: Tracheal suctioning should be performed only when adventitious breath sounds, or copious sections are present. Unnecessary, frequent suctioning can lead to bronchospasms and trauma to the tracheal mucosa.
