Module 1.2

Question 1

ECF
ICF
Interstitial

Answer 1

Extracellular fluid (outside of the cell)
Intracellular fluid (inside of the cell)
helps bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells and removes waste

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

low to the high concentration

Question 3

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 3

low to high active transport of solutes

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

high to low concentration

Question 5

Renal filtration

Question 6

Active transport

Question 7

Fluid volume deficit

Answer 7

hypovolemia (cells it exceeds the intake of fluid), loss of fluid in the body, tachycardia, hypoxia, and confusion. Labs CMP, BUN, etc.. Refer to drawing from class

Question 8

Fluid volume excess

Answer 8

hypervolemia (too much fluid onboard), failure to excrete fluids, HTN, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Labs to check are BNP, CMP, and urine samples. give a diuretic. Pulmonary edema. Refer to drawing

Question 9

Serum Na+

Answer 9

136- 145 meq/L

Question 10

Urine specific gravity

Answer 10

1.005-1.030

Question 10

Hematocrit (ratio of the volume of RBCs to total volume)

Answer 10

normal is 37-52%

Question 11

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, breakdown of protein in the liver)

Answer 11

normal 10-20

Question 12

Creatinine (main lab for kidney function); muscle and protein breakdown

Answer 12

normal males- 0.6-1.2
normal females- 0.5-1.1

Question 13

IV assessment with IVF

Answer 13

look at slide 17

Question 14

Hypotonic

Answer 14

net water gain (ex. 0.45% normal saline, decreases ECF, decreased salt = cells swell)

Question 15

Hypertonic

Answer 15

net water loss (ex. 2% normal saline, increases ECF, increased salt= cells shrink)

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

no net loss or gain (ex. 0.9% normal saline LR or D5W, cell remains the same, fluid and salt are the same inside or out)

Question 17

Where is sodium found
Where is potassium found (3.5-5)

Answer 17

outside of the cell
inside the cell

Question 18

Sodium and Potassium imbalances

Answer 18

look on slides 20-23

Question 19

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 19

a water metabolism problem caused by an antidiuretic hormone deficiency

Question 20

Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus

Answer 20

weight loss, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, increased heart rate, hypotensions, intense thirst

Question 21

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Answer 21

water is retained which results in hypervolemia and hyponatremia. vasopressin is secreted even when plasma osmolarity is low or normal

Question 22

SIADH interventions

Answer 22

fluid restriction, drug therapy-diuretics, monitoring for fluid overload,

Question 23

DI and SIADH chart

Answer 23

look at slides 31 and 33

Question 24

Chronic renal failure

Answer 24

kidney damage or decreased renal function for >3 months with evidence of irreversible nephron loss and scarring

Question 25

Chronic renal failure risk factors

Answer 25

diabetes, HTN, proteinuria, family history, pylenoneprhirtis

Question 26

Chronic renal failure

Answer 26

slides 35-37

Question 27

Acid-base balance

Answer 27

normal blood pH- 7.35-7.45, Homeostatic mechanisms keep the pH within normal ranges The first buffer system is the blood, the second is the lungs, third is the kidneys

Question 28

Arterial blood gases

Answer 28

CO2- 35-45 (is the lungs) HCO3- 21-28 PO2- 80-100

Question 29

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 29

elevated CO2 and decreased pH, Always due to inadequate excretion of CO2 with inadequate ventilation, Manifestations can include tachycardia, tachypnea, dull headache, and weakness

Question 30

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 30

decreased CO2 and elevated pH, always caused by hyperventilation, Manifestations can include lightheadedness, numbness or tingling, inability to concentrate, loss of consciousness

Question 31

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 31

decreased pH and decreased HCO3, causes GI loss of HCO3, lactic acidosis, and ketoacidosis, Manifestations can include tachypnea, confusion, hypotension,decreased cardiac output

Question 32

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 32

increased pH and increased HCO3, caused by gain of HCO3 or loss of H+, Manifestations include tingling in fingers/toes, dizziness, hypertonic muscles, and depressed respirations (similar to manif. of hypocalcemia and hypokalemia)