Module 12: Child with Physiologic Alterations on Cognitive-Perception Flashcards
How do you assess a child with neurological disorders?
(A) Obtain the mother’s perinatal history
(B) Developmental milestones
(C) School performance
What does cerebral function assessment include?
It includes assessing level of consciousness (LOC), orientation, intelligence, performance, mood, and general behavior.
What are the 3 components of orientation in cerebral function assessment?
Person, place, and time.
How is intellectual performance tested in children (ORIENTATION)?
Ask age-appropriate questions
What is immediate recall and how is it assessed?
It’s the ability to retain a concept briefly; tested using number series.
This memory lasts slightly longer than immediate recall.
Recent Memory
This type of memory is characterized as the long term memory.
Remote Memory (For preschoolers, ask what they ate for breakfast)
This can be measured by assessing language, sensory interpretation, and motor integration.
Specific Cerebral Function
This is known as the ability to recognize an object.
Stereognosis
What is graphesthesia and how is it assessed?
Recognizing a shape traced on the skin with eyes closed; trace a square or circle on the back of the hand.
This is known as the ability to distinguish movement.
Kinesthesia
How is kinesthesia tested among children or pediatric patients?
(A) Ask the child to close eyes and then extend her hands in front.
(B) Raise one of the fingers and ask whether it is up or down.
How is motor integration assessed?
Ask the child to do a complex task like folding a paper and placing it in a tight envelope.
What are the three types of cranial nerves?
Motor, sensory, and mixed nerves (Cranial nerve function depends on whether each nerve is composed of motor, sensory or mixed nerves, and also on the region where the nerve endings are located).
What do motor cranial nerves do?
Carry signals from the brain (efferent) to muscles.
What do sensory cranial nerves do?
Bring information to the brain (afferent), enabling movement, organ function, and sensations like pain, smell, taste, vision, hearing, and touch.
What are the 12 Cranial Nerves?
(A) Olfactory (I) – Sense of smell
(B) Optic (II) – Vision
(C) Oculomotor (III) – Eye movement, pupil constriction
(D) Trochlear (IV) – Eye movement (superior oblique muscle)
(E) Trigeminal (V) – Facial sensation, chewing
(F) Abducens (VI) – Eye movement (lateral rectus muscle)
(G) Facial (VII) – Facial expression, taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
(H) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) – Hearing and balance
(I) Glossopharyngeal (IX) – Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), swallowing
(J) Vagus (X) – Autonomic control of the heart, lungs, digestive tract
(K) Accessory (XI) – Shoulder and neck movement (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)
(L) Hypoglossal (XII) – Tongue movement
What is needed to test cerebellar function?
Tests for balance and coordination
How is cerebellar function tested in children?
Ask the child to stand on one foot and perform tandem walking.
At what age can a child typically balance on one foot for 5 seconds?
As young as 4 years old.
How is muscle size assessed in children?
Measure the circumference of the calves, thighs, upper and lower arms using a tape measure.
What is evaluated when palpating the muscles?
Muscle tone.
