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ZBiology Quarter 4 > Module 13 > Flashcards

Module 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrae:

A

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

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2
Q

Notochord:

A

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the entire length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support.

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3
Q

Endoskeleton:

A

A skeleton on the inside of a creatures body, typically composed of bone or cartilage.

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4
Q

Bone marrow:

A

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

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5
Q

Axial skeleton:

A

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.

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6
Q

Appendicular skeleton:

A

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.

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7
Q

Closed circulatory system:

A

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels.

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8
Q

Arteries:

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

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9
Q

Capillaries:

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body.

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10
Q

Veins:

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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11
Q

Olfactory lobes:

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose.

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12
Q

Cerebrum:

A

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information.

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13
Q

Optic lobes:

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes.

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14
Q

Cerebellum:

A

The lobe that controls the involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.

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15
Q

Medulla oblongata:

A

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transports signals from the brain to the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Internal fertilization:

A

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

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17
Q

External fertilization:

A

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female.

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18
Q

Oviparous development:

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body.

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19
Q

Ovoviviparous development:

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatch inside the female’s body.

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20
Q

Viviparous development:

A

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta.

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21
Q

Anadromous:

A

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce.

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22
Q

Bile:

A

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat.

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23
Q

Atrium:

A

A heart chamber that receives blood.

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24
Q

Ventricle:

A

A heart chamber form which blood is pumped out.

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25
Q

Ectothermic:

A

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat.

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26
Q

Hibernation:

A

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanies by lower-than-normal body temperatures.

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27
Q 
Assign the following creatures to one of these classifications: subphylum Urochordata, subphylum Cephalochordata, class Agnatha, class Chondrichthyes, class Osteichthyes, class Amphibia
a. frog b. shark c. lancelet d. carp e. sea squirt f. lamprey eel
A

a. frog : class Amphibia
b. shark : class Chondrichthyes
c. lancelet subphylum Cephalochordata
d. carp : class Osteichthyes
e. sea squirt : subphylum Urochordata
f. lamprey eel : class Agnatha,

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28
Q

What do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common?

A

they all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult.

29
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

cartilage is more flexible and is weaker than bone.

30
Q

You see a blood vessel from a creature. You have no idea what creature and you have no idea where it came from. You do notice, however, that the blood vessel wall is very thin. What kind of blood vessel is this?

A

a capillary

31
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

they carry oxygen in the blood

32
Q

What protein gives red blood cells their color?

A

Hemoglobin.

33
Q

Frogs and toads are quite uncoordinated. They move their muscles in a very jerky manner. Which brain lobe is small in amphibians?

A

the cerebellum.

34
Q

An owl has very sensitive vision. Which brain lobes are larger in the owl compared to the “average” vertebrate?

A

The optic lobes.

35
Q

A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays and egg which hatches. Is fertilization internal or external? What kind of development is this?

A

Internal. oviparous.

36
Q

Which has the most inflexible skeleton: a ray, a lamprey, or a salmon?

A

A salmon?

37
Q

What do Atlantic salmon and many lampreys have in common?

A

they are both anadromous.

38
Q

What is the shark’s most sensitive means of finding prey?

A

it is its electrical field sensor.

39
Q

What function does the lateral line perform in sharks and bony fish?

A

It senses vibrations in the water.

40
Q

What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? What function does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

A

The dorsal fins are used for balance in the water. the anterior dorsal fin is also a defensive weapon (because it is hard and sharp)

41
Q

What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

A

Rays have thin, whip-like tails, while skates have thicker fleshy tails

42
Q

What is the triangular structure after the disks in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the esophagus. It sends food to stomach.

43
Q

What are the structures at the top anterior end in the inside of a fish called and what do they do?

A

they are the brain. they control the fish’s nervous system.

44
Q

What is the long tube at the top in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

It is the spinal cord. it sends messages from the brain to other parts of the body and vice-versa,

45
Q

What is the large organ in the middle of the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the stomach. it stores and breaks down food in the stomach.

46
Q

What is the larger tube in the upper middle in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the air bladder. it allows the fish to change depths and float in the water.

47
Q

What is the smaller tube above the larger tube in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the kidney. it cleans blood of waste products.

48
Q

What is the large formless organ under the larger tube in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the gonad. It does reproduction.

49
Q

What is the second section of the curvy line on the bottom in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the anus. It expels undigested food.

50
Q

What is the first section of the curvy line on the bottom in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the intestine. It digests food.

51
Q

What is the tentacle like organ in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

It is the pyloric ceca. Secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in the stomach.

52
Q

What is the organ that has a half moon shape in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the liver. it makes bile for the digestion of fats and does many other chemical tasks

53
Q

What is the organ that looks like a comma in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

it is the gall bladder. It concentrates bile.

54
Q

What is the small circleish shaped organ near the bottom in the inside of a fish called and what does it do?

A

It is the heart. it pumps blood.

55
Q

what are the disk like organs in the inside of a fish called and what does they do?

A

They are the gills. They Exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen between the water and the blood.

56
Q

What is the lower vessel on the upper half of the fish near the first oval inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

it is the anterior cardinal vein. It is a vein

57
Q

What are the upper branches on the front upper half inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It is the efferent brachial arteries. It is an artery.

58
Q

What is the highest vessel in the inside of the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It is the dorsal aorta it is an artery.

59
Q

What is the lower half of the oval in the upper middle inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It is the kidney. It is neither.

60
Q

What is the lower vessel near the posterior end inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

it is the posterior cardinal vein. It is a vein.

61
Q

What is the upper half of the peanut shaped structure inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It is the atrium. It is neither.

62
Q

What is the lower half of the peanut shaped structure inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It the ventricle. It is neither.

63
Q

What is the base vessel out of which the lower branches come inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

It is the ventral aorta. It is a artery.

64
Q

What are the lower branches inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

They are called the afferent brachial arteries. They are arteries.

65
Q

What is the region between the upper and lower branches inside the fish called and is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

it is the gills. It is neither.

66
Q

List the 6 common characteristics of amphibians.

A

1) their endoskeletons is made of mostly bone.
2) Their skin is smooth with many capillaries and pigments. Amphibians so not have scales.
3) They usually have 2 pairs of limbs with webbed feet.
4) They have as many as 4 organs of respiration.
5) They have a 3-chambered heart
6) They are oviparous with external fertilization

67
Q

What is the difference between a toad and a frog?

A

Frogs have smooth, wet skin and live near water. Toads have dry warty skin and need not live near water.

68
Q

For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ?

A

It is their skin

ZBiology Quarter 4 (4 decks)

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