Module 16

Question 1

Amniotic egg:

Answer 1

A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land.

Question 2

Neurotoxin:

Answer 2

A poison that attacks the nervous system, causing blindness, paralysis, or suffocation.

Question 3

Hemotoxin:

Answer 3

A poison that attacks the red blood cells and blood vessels, destroying circulation.

Question 4

Endothermic:

Answer 4

An organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process.

Question 5

Down feathers

Answer 5

Feathers with smooth barbules but no hooked barbules

Question 6

Contour feathers:

Answer 6

Feathers with hooked and smooth barbules, allowing the barbules to interlock.

Question 7

Placenta:

Answer 7

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother’s blood supply.

Question 8

Gestation:

Answer 8

The period of time during which an embryo develops before being born.

Question 9

Mammary glands:

Answer 9

Specialized organs in mammals that produce milk to nourish the young.

Question 10

State the five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates.

Answer 10

1) Covered with tough, dry scales
2) Ectothermic
3) Breathe with lungs throughout their lives
4) 3-chambered hearts with a partially divided ventricle
5) they produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, mast oviparous some oviviparous.

Question 11

In this module, we studies reptiles, birds, and mammals. For each class, indicate whether they are ectothermic or endothermic.

Answer 11

reptiles-ectothermic

birds + mammals-endothermic

Question 12

Name the 9 parts o an amniotic egg.

Answer 12

amniotic fluid, embryo, amnion, allantois, chorion, yolk sac, yolk, albumen, and the shell.

Question 13

State the functions of the yolk, the allantois, and the albumen.

Answer 13

Yolk-to provide nutrients for the developing embryo
allantois-allows the embryo to breathe
albumen-protects the embryo from infections and supplies water and amino acids

Question 14

Reptiles have a growth-related characteristic in common with the arthropods. What is it?

Answer 14

they have to molt because their body covering isn’t living

Question 15

What are the 2 most important functions of reptile scales?

Answer 15

they insulate and prevent water loss

Question 16

Rhynchocephalia, Squamata, Crocodilia, Testudines
a. snakes b. tuataras c. lizards d. tortoises e. alligators f. turtles
put the right reptiles in the right order.

Answer 16

a. snakes-Squamata b. tuataras-Rhynchocephalia c. lizards-Squamata d. tortoises-Testudines
e. alligators-Crocodilia f. turtles-Testudines

Question 17

State the 6 characteristics that set birds apart from other vertebrates.

Answer 17

1) Endothermic
2) Heart with 4 chambers
3) toothless bill
4) oviparous, laying an amniotic egg that is covered in a lime-containing shell
5) covered with feathers
6) skeleton composed of porous, light weight bones (not a characteristic for all birds)

Question 18

Do all birds fly?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

A blood sample comes rom the ventricle o an animal that is either an amphibian or a bird. How can you tell which?

Answer 19

If the oxygen rich blood and oxygen poor blood then it came from an amphibian if it is one or the other it is a birds

Question 20

Which has a harder shell: the egg of a reptile or the egg of a bird?

Answer 20

the egg off a bird

Question 21

You see some barbs from a feather. You have no idea whether they came rom a down feather or a contours feather. Looking at the barbs under the microscope, however, you see that there are no hooked barbules. What kind of feather is it?

Answer 21

a down feather

Question 22

What type of feather (down or contour) is used for flight? What kind is used for insulation?

Answer 22

flight-contour insulation-down

Question 23

What is a bird actually doing when it is preening?

Answer 23

spreading oil

Question 24

What is unique about a bird’s method o molting?

Answer 24

it molts in pairs

Question 25

What 3 things (at least) did flight engineers have to learn rom birds to make practical flight possible?

Answer 25

the proper wing structure, reduce wind turbulences, and hollow tubes

Question 26

Which is heavier, a birds bone or the same size bone from an amphibian?

Answer 26

the amphibians

Question 27

State the 5 characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrates.

Answer 27

1) hair covering the skin
2) reproduce with internal fertilization and usually viviparous
3) Nourish their young with milk secreted from specialized glands
4) 4-chambered heart
5) endothermic

Question 28

What is the principal function of under hair?

Answer 28

insulation

Question 29

What do we usually see when we look at a mammal, under hair or guard hair?

Answer 29

guard hair

Question 30

Name a nonplacental mammal.

Answer 30

the platypuses

Question 31

What is the main difference between offspring born after a long gestation period and offspring born after a short gestation period?

Answer 31

they are more fully developed