Module 14/15 - Digetsive System

Question 1

What organs are in the RUQ?

Answer 1

liver, right lobe, gallbladder, bile duct, transverse colon, ascending colon

Question 2

What organs are in the LUQ?

Answer 2

left lobe, stomach, spleen, duodenum, pancreas, pancreatic duct, descending colon

Question 3

What organs are in the RLQ?

Answer 3

cecum, vermiform, appendix

Question 4

What organs are in the LLQ?

Answer 4

small intestine, rectum, anus

Question 5

The kidneys have what type of peritoneum?

Answer 5

primary retroperitoneal

Question 6

What is an example of a secondary retroperitoneal organ?

Answer 6

duodenum

Question 7

What structures can deal with defense against pathogens and stress in the digestive tract?

Answer 7

peyers patches and GI tract

Question 8

What epithelium lines the esophagus? Is it intraperitoneal or retro?

Answer 8

stratified squamous; retro

Question 9

T/F: the esophagus is innervated only the somatic divison

Answer 9

False; the superior portion is innervated by the somatic and the inferior third is autonomic by the celiac plexus

Question 10

The superior esophageal sphincter is an elaboration of what tissue? What happens when it relaxes and contracts? It also helps with what?

Answer 10

smooth muscle; relaxes = opens lumen and contracts = closes lumen; helps with reflux/backflow into esophagus

Question 11

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 11

when the stomach travels into the thoracic cavity

Question 12

What absorption does the stomach allow?

Answer 12

limited; it allows for water, electrolytes, and drugs (aspirin, alcohol) to be absorbed

Question 13

The oblique layer of the stomach helps with what?

Answer 13

homologous mixture of chyme

Question 14

What is located in the gastric glands and secretes pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin?

Answer 14

Chief cells

Question 15

What is located in the gastric glands and secretes both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Answer 15

Parietal cells

Question 15

What is located in the gastric pit and secretes thin, acidic mucus that surrounds the bolous of food in the stomach?

Answer 15

Mucous neck cells

Question 16

What is located in the gastric glands and secretes gastrin into the interstitial fluid deep to the epithelial cells?

Answer 16

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 17

What lines the lumen of the stomach and secretes a protective coat of alkaline mucus to protect the epithelium against the acidic substances in the stomach?

Answer 17

Surface mucous cells

Question 18

What are gastric ulcers?

Answer 18

open sores that develop on lining of stomach, acid can erode into stomach lining

Question 19

What is the longest part of the alimentary canal?

Answer 19

the small intestine

Question 20

Where does the most nutrient absorption occur?

Answer 20

small intestine

Question 21

What are the three specific segments of the small intestine?

Answer 21

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

Question 22

What does the duodenum do?

Answer 22

receives substances form the pancreas and gallbladder that aid in digestion

Question 23

What is the duodenal papilla?

Answer 23

where bile and pancreatic secretions enter the duodenm

Question 24

What is the largest gland in the body? How many lobes does it have?

Answer 24

the liver; 4

Question 25

The gallbladder is attached to the _______ surface of the ______ lobe of the liver

Answer 25

inferior; right

Question 26

What are the functions of bile?

Answer 26

-digestion of lipids -transports cholesterol out of the body -emulsifies (breaks up fat droplets)

Question 27

T/F: the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Which is the last segment of the small intestine?

Answer 28

the ileum, it transfers content into the large intestine

Question 29

What does the ileocecal valve do?

Answer 29

it is a sphincter that controls the entry of materials into the large intestine

Question 30

Where do mass peristaltic movements occur?

Answer 30

in the large intestine

Question 31

What do the rectal valves do?

Answer 31

they are three transverse folds that ensure fecal matter is retained when passing gas (prevent sharting)

Question 32

The external sphincter must relax to allow defacation. This is a _______ impulse

Answer 32

somatic; voluntary

Question 33

What is the epithelium in the large intestine?

Answer 33

simple columnar to stratified squamous near the level of the pectinate line in the anal canal