Module 15- Blood And Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is plasma without proteins called

Answer 1

Serum

Question 2

What are the formed elements of blood?

Answer 2

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets

Question 3

What is the hematocrit

Answer 3

Percentage of cells in a sample of blood

Question 4

Extrinsic pathway

Answer 4

Initiated by damage to areas outside the body

Question 5

Intrinsic pathway

Answer 5

Initiated by factors within the blood

Question 6

Vascular spasm

Answer 6

Blood vessel is injured, smooth muscle divers in the wall of the vessel spasm, slows the flow of blood

Question 7

Formation of platelet plug

Answer 7

The break down in the blood vessel exposes collagen fibers, creating a rough spot of the vessels normal slick interior. This triggers changes in the passing platelets, transforming them into sticky platelets

Question 8

What valves regulate flow between the atria and ventricles?

Answer 8

atrioventricular valves

Question 9

What vales regulate flow between ventricles and great arteries?

Answer 9

semilunar valves

Question 10

what is the heart’s own vascular system called?

Answer 10

coronary circulation

Question 11

what is the role of the coronary arteries?

Answer 11

deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 12

What is the role of the coronary veins?

Answer 12

collect deoxygenated blood

Question 13

what is the role of the coronary sinus?

Answer 13

returns blood to right atrium

Question 14

what does the P wave represent?

Answer 14

atrial depolarization

Question 15

what does the PR interval represent?

Answer 15

the time it takes for cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles

Question 16

what does the QRS complex represent?

Answer 16

ventricular depolarization

Question 17

what does the ST segment represent?

Answer 17

end of the ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization

Question 18

what does the T wave represent?

Answer 18

ventricular repolarization

Question 19

What is cardiac output

Answer 19

amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute

Question 20

Proprioceptors

Answer 20

in the muscles and joints signal the cardiac center of changes in physical activity. This allows the heart to increase output even before the muscles demand more blood flow.

Question 21

Starlings Law of the Heart

Answer 21

the more the ventricle is stretched (within limits), the more forceful it will contract

Question 22

The walls of the arteries and veins consists of three layers, what are they called from the inner layer to the outer layer.

Answer 22

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 23

what is the role of conducting arteries (elastic arteries)

Answer 23

largest arteries, expand as blood surges into them and recoil when ventricles relax

Question 24

what is the role of distributing arteries (muscular arteries)

Answer 24

carry blood farther away from the heart to specific organs and areas of the body

Question 25

what is the role of arterioles (resistance vessels)

Answer 25

smallest arteries, resist the flow of blood, thus helping regulate blood pressure as well as control how much blood enters an organ

Question 26

Colloid osmotic pressure ( operates toward the venous side)

Answer 26

lower pressure allows proteins in the blood, such as albumin to exert what's known as colloid osmotic pressure. The albumin in the blood pulls tissue fluid, along with cells' waste products, into the capillaries

Question 27

filtration

Answer 27

occurs close to the arterial side of the capillary bed

Question 28

what is the role of pulmonary circulation

Answer 28

begins at the right ventricle and involves the circulation of blood through the lungs, routes blood to and from the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen

Question 29

what is the role of systemic circulation

Answer 29

supplies oxygen and nutrients to organs and removes waste, systemic arteries arise directly/indirectly from the aorta

Question 30

what is the role of the Circle of Willis?

Answer 30

helps ensure the brain receives adequate supply of blood

Question 31

the vena cava is the body's main vein, it is divided into two, where do each of these veins receive blood from?

Answer 31

superior vena cava - from the head, shoulders, and arms | inferior vena cava - from the lower part of the body

Question 32

hepatic circulation

Answer 32

hepatic portal vein sends blood to the liver to remove excess glucose, and toxins such as bacteria and alcohol can be partially removed before blood is distributed to the rest of the body and back to the heart

Question 33

peripheral resistance

Answer 33

greater the resistance, slower the flow and higher the pressure. The lower the resistance, the faster the flow and the pressure

Question 34

what is the body's chief way of dealing with increased peripheral resistance

Answer 34

adjusting the diameter of the vessels