Modules 1-2

Question 1

Catabolism

Answer 1

Metabolic activity that breaks down complex compounds into simpler ones

Question 2

Acid

Answer 2

Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

The most abundant and important organic compounds in the body.

Question 4

Cholesterol

Answer 4

The most important steroid in the body.

Question 5

How do cells obtain energy?

Answer 5

Cells break bonds in ATP molecules

Question 6

Ionic bond

Answer 6

Transfer of an electron from the outer shell of one atom to the outer shell of another atom.

Question 7

What are enzymes?

Answer 7

Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 8

Bases

Answer 8

Substances are called proton acceptors.

Question 9

What nucleotide supplies cells with energy?

Answer 9

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 10

Fifty percent of an adult’s body weight consists of what substance?

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

Acidity or alkalinity is determined using?

Answer 11

Is measured on the pH scale, which determines the degree of H+ or OH- ions in the solution.

Question 12

The basic building block of a protein molecule is?

Answer 12

An amino acid

Question 13

The four main organic compounds in the human body are?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids.

Question 14

Which four elements make up more than 96% of the human body?

Answer 14

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.

Question 15

What are three characteristics of water that allow it to fulfill vital roles in the body?

Answer 15

1) water is solvent
2) water is lubricant
3) water changes temperature slowly

Question 16

Triglycerides

Answer 16

Most abundant lipid in the body

Question 17

Compound

Answer 17

Chemical combinations of two of more elements

Question 18

Which type of bond results from the weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another molecule?

Answer 18

Hydrogen

Question 19

Amino acids link together through?

Answer 19

Peptide bonds

Question 20

What is the normal pH of human blood? Is it acidic, alkaline, or neutral?

Answer 20

The normal blood pH is 7.35 to 7.45, which is slightly alkaline

Question 21

Metabolism is

Answer 21

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Question 22

How is energy define?

Answer 22

Energy is the capacity to do work; this is, to put matter into motion.

Question 23

What is the body’s main source of energy?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates

Question 24

Elements

Answer 24

Pure substances that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more substances

Question 25

Which type of bond results when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?

Answer 25

Covalent

Question 26

Nucleic acids and nucleotides form?

Answer 26

DNA and RNA

Question 27

Which type of chemical reaction allows the body to create new proteins?

Answer 27

Synthesis is the creation of a complex substance from simpler substances. The body synthesizes protein from amino acids that it makes and from amino acids in food.