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FSC FRA Fire safety > module 16 > Flashcards

module 16 Flashcards

1
Q

define means of escape?

A

.. Means of Escape is a structural means whereby a safe route is provided for persons to escape in case of fire, from any point in a building to a place of safety, clear of the building, without outside assistance.
Fire Precautions Act Guide 197

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2
Q

define a place of total safety

A

.. Total Safety
A place away from the premises, in which people are at no immediate danger from the effects of fire.
CLG Guide

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3
Q

define reasonable safety ?

A

.. Reasonable Safety
A place within a building or structure where, for a limited period of time, people will have some protection from the effects of fire and smoke. This place, usually a corridor or stairway, will normally have a minimum of 30 minutes fire resistance and allow people to continue their escape to a place of total safety.
CLG Guide

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4
Q

what does MOCTET stand for ?

A 
Management controls 
Occupancy 
Construction 
Time if evacuation 
Exits
Travel distance

T

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5
Q

in relation to management , what we looking for?

A 
. Management
•Fire policies
•Fire procedures
•Training
•Fire drills
•Systems of work
•Emergency plan.
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6
Q

what are the aims of a fire risk management plan?

A 
Planning
•Organisation
•Control
•Monitoring
•Review
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7
Q

what are the areas covered in a fire risk management plan?

A 
.. Fire action notice
•Fire alarm
•Evacuation procedures
•Assembly points
•Identification of escape routes
•Fire fighting equipment
•Employee duties
•Evacuation of those at risk…
Equipment procedure in case of fire
•High risk areas
•Calling the fire brigade
•Liaison with emergency services
•Employee training
•Further guidance is available in the CLG guides and also in British Standard 9999 – Section 9.
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8
Q

what do we need to look at in terms of occupancy ?

A 
.. Occupancy
•The use of the building
•Number of occupants
•Density of occupants
•Distribution of occupants
•Physical condition of occupants
•Expected reactions of occupants
•Discipline of occupants
•Asleep or awake?
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9
Q

what about construction?

A 
.. Construction
•Primary
•Secondary
•Compartmentation
•Vertical openings.
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10
Q

what is construction class A,B and C evacuation time?

A

A - 3 mins
B - 2.5 mins
C - 2 mins

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11
Q

what are the elements of fire resisting internal construction?

A
  • fire resisting construction on escape routes
  • cavity fire barrier
  • efficient smoke seal
  • false celling
    fire-resisting partition construction upto underside of floor overhead.
  • protectant routes
  • fire - res floor construction
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12
Q

what’s a must in relation to evac time?

A

.. Main principle:

Time needed for evacuation
must be less than…
Time for the means of escape

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13
Q

ASET Breakdown ?

A 
detection time
alarm time
recognition time
response time ( people) 
travel time
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14
Q

what elements of the ASET are affected y human behaviour?

A

recognition time
response time
travel time

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15
Q

four phases of evacuation?

A 
MOCTET
Time of evacuation
Four phases of evacuation:
Start up time
•Phase 1: Raising the alarm
•Phase 2: Reacting to the alarm
Travel time
•Phase 3: Moving to a storey exit
•Phase 4: Moving to place of safety
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16
Q

calculating expected occupancy?

A

..
Example:
A room measuring 10m x 10m used for lounge with mixed seating and standing (0.5 m / person):
100 divided by 0.5 = 200 persons

17
Q

standard occupancy measures? ADB Appendix c - table c?

A

.. ADB Appendix C – Table C1
•Standing spectator areas, bars 0.3
•Dance floors, bars – no fixed seating 0.5
•Dining rooms / restaurants 1.0
•Offices 6.0
•Shops – supermarkets etc. 2.0
•Shops – furniture, floor coverings etc. 7.0
•Snooker hall 10.0

18
Q

Usable floor space for occupancy excludes what areas?

A

stairs
toilets
lift
escalators

19
Q

considerations for exits are?

A 
.. Exits
•Width
•Number
•Disposition in building
•Exits in everyday use
•Exits for emergencies only.
20
Q

additional considerations for travel distances?

A

actual distance
single escape routes
escape routes in more that one direction

measured to a place of safety
either total safety or reasonable safety

21
Q

travel distance is defined as?

A

The distance to be traversed in order to reach a place of safety”

22
Q

max travel distance in a single direction i.e. dead end?

A

18M

23
Q

max travel distance in a room?

A

35M?

24
Q

how do we measure travel distance?

A

Actual distance around futinture etc?

i.e. not as crow flys

25
Q

travel distance is measured to?

A

.. to:
•The nearest protected stairway enclosure (storey exit)
•The nearest final exit.

26
Q

travel distances when there is more that one escape route?

A

.. Where more than one escape route is provided
25m in higher fire-risk area1
45m in normal fire-risk area
60m in lower fire-risk area2

Where only a single escape route is provided

12m in higher fire-risk area1
18m in normal fire-risk area
25m in lower fire-risk area2

27
Q

travel distance where only one escape route?

A

.. Travel distance is measured to the nearest final exit or storey exit

•If escape is only available in one direction (dead-end) and the travel distance is excessive, escape must be provided in more than one direction.

28
Q

ingle exits are allowed if?

A

.. Less than 60 persons
•Normal or low risk
•Within ‘single direction’ of travel limits
•Outward opening if used by more than 60 persons.

29
Q

an inward opening door allows a max occupancy of?

A

..60 persons

30
Q

angle door in room need to be to be considered as 2 exits ?

A

45 degrees

31
Q

what is an option if exits are within 45 degrees?

A

add fire resisting wall between exits , covering the full height of the all.

32
Q

what are the 2 ways to determine exit capacity ?

A

CLG guides and approve ducments B

Rule of thumb

33
Q

what is the rule of thumb flow rate for a 525 mm SIngle door?

A

40 person per minute

34
Q

one unit of width = 525 mm. what in the occupancy for a construction class B with 1 unit of width ?

A

40 person per min X 2.5

= 100 max occupancy

35
Q

what are the standard unit width sizes?

A 
525MM = 1 ( 40 PPM) 
1050MM  = 2 ( 80PPM) 
1500MM =  3 ( 120 PPM) 
1950MM = 4 ( 160 PPM)
36
Q

based on class B ( 2.5 mins) construction, what are the occupancy for each door width ?

A

1 unit = 100
2units = 200
3 units = 300
4 units = 400

37
Q

rule when calculating room capacity ?

A

discount biggest exit, and calculate from smallest exit. i.e. worse case senior.

FSC FRA Fire safety (11 decks)

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