Module 1A - Biological Molecules

Question 1

(2)

What is carbon chemisty?

Answer 1

• The DEPENDENCY
• of the SAME
• Biochemical basis of life
• through a carbon atom

Question 2

(2)

How can carbon chemistry be used to determine evolution?

Answer 2

• From a COMMON ANCESTOR
• all life has been descended through compounds of CARBON.

Question 3

(1)

How many bonds does a carbon atom have?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Carbon acts as a ____________ for organic molecules in living organisms.

Answer 4

BACKBONE

Question 5

(4)

What are the four main types of biological molecules?

Answer 5

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 6

(1)

What atoms can make lipids and carbohydrates?

Answer 6

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

Question 7

(1)

What atoms can make proteins?

Answer 7

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulfur

Question 8

(1)

What atoms can make nucleic acids?

Answer 8

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorous

Question 9

(1)

Macromolecules are biological molecules that…

Answer 9

CONTAIN A LOT OF ATOMS

Question 10

(1)

Give an example of a generic polymer.

Answer 10

Macromolecules

Question 11

(2)

Define a polymer.

Answer 11

• A long chain of
• REPEATED UNITS of monomers.

Question 12

(2)

What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Polymer: POLYsaccharides
Monomer: MONOsaccharides

Question 13

(2)

What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?

Answer 13

Polymer: Polypeptide
Monomer: amino acids

Question 14

(2)

What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 14

Polymer: Polynucleotides
Monomer: (Mono)nucleotides

Question 15

(2)

Describe the basic structure of lipids?

Answer 15

• DIFFERENT BASE UNITS of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
• bonded to each other in a NON-REPEATING PATTERN

Question 16

(1)

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 16

Many VARYING triglycerides.

Question 17

(3)

Explain why condensation polymerisation is an exothermic reaction.

Answer 17

• Monomers require energy
• to FORM bonds via the macromolecules.
• As a result, more water molecules are dissipated into the surroundings during this type of polymerisation.

Question 18

(3)

How is water formed during condensation polymerisation of biological macromolecules?

Answer 18

• One monomer has a Hydroxyl group
• the other monomer has a hydrogen group
• They get cut off when the monomers bond together.

Question 19

(1)

How are polymers broken down?

Answer 19

By HYDROLYSIS

Question 20

(4)

Explain how polymers break down into their respective monomers.

Answer 20

• Via a Hydrolysis reaction
• water molecule(s) get added to polymer(s).
• This breaks down the bonds into a monomer with a HYDROXYL group
• and another monomer with a HYDROGEN group.