MODULE 1A - PERSPECTIVES ON SELF

Question 1

the process of learning, understanding, or knowing more about yourself and who you are, becoming aware of one’s true potential, character, motives, and the like.

Answer 1

• Self-discovery

Question 2

your knowledge of yourself and your worth as a person. It is a result of doing self-discovery.

Answer 2

• Self-awareness

Question 3

This means love of wisdom

Answer 3

Philosophy

Question 4

Philosophy came from these two Greek words.

Answer 4

Philo and Sophia

Question 5

Philo means?

Answer 5

beloved

Question 6

Sophia means?

Answer 6

wisdom

Question 7

A way of thinking about anything in the world, the universe.

Answer 7

Philosophy

Question 8

He believes that the soul is immortal.

Answer 8

Socrates

Question 9

Socrates is known for this quote about life.

Answer 9

The unexamined life is not worth living.

Question 10

He is the Father of Western Philosophy

Answer 10

Socrates

Question 11

Socrates was believed to be the first _____ to focus on the full power of reason on the human self.

Answer 11

thinker

Question 12

According to Socrates, self exists in two parts which are?

Answer 12

Physical Body and Soul

Question 13

This is the tangible aspect of us. It is mortal (it dies), constantly changing, imperfect, transforming, disappearing.

Answer 13

Physical Body

Question 14

Socrates believed that this part of our self is immortal, eternal, unchanging, perfect, or ideal.

Answer 14

Soul

Question 15

Socrates believed that there was a soul first before a man’s body. True or False?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The process which knowledge can be restored.

Answer 16

Dialectic/Socratic Method

Question 17

Dialectic/Socratic Method is an ______ of question and answer that ultimately aims to make a person remember all the knowledge that he has forgotten, including his former all-knowing self.

Answer 17

exchange

Question 18

He said, “The first and the best victory is to conquer self.”

Answer 18

Plato

Question 19

Aside from Socrates, these two philosophers also believed that the soul is immortal.

Answer 19

Plato and St. Augustine

Question 20

A philosopher is called _____ if he believes that self exists in two parts.

Answer 20

Dualist

Question 21

According to Plato, the soul/mind is divided into three parts which are?

Answer 21

Reason
Physical Appetite
Will or Spirit

Question 22

our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

Answer 22

Reason

Question 23

our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Answer 23

Physical Appetite

Question 24

our basic emotion or passion, such as empathy, aggressiveness, love, anger, ambition.

Answer 24

Will or Spirit

Question 25

He believes, “Accepting God is the path to know thyself.”

Answer 25

St. Augustine

Question 26

Augustine's sense of self is his relation to God, both in his recognition of God's love, and his response to it. It is achieved through ______ and _______

Answer 26

self-presentation self-realization

Question 27

Augustine believes that God is transcendent, and everything created by God, who is all good, is good. True or False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

This person said, "Cogito ergo sum."

Answer 28

Rene Descartes

Question 29

Cogito ergo sum means?

Answer 29

I think; therefore I am

Question 30

He is the Founder of Modern Philosophy

Answer 30

Rene Descartes

Question 31

For Descartes, this is the essence of self— you are a "______ thing"

Answer 31

thinking

Question 32

Descartes believes that our _______ is secondary to our personal identity.

Answer 32

physical body

Question 33

Descartes declares that the _______, or the self as a thinking entity, is radically different from the self as a physical body.

Answer 33

essential self

Question 34

The ______ is a non-material, immortal, conscious being, independent of the physical laws of the universe.

Answer 34

thinking self (or soul)

Question 35

The ______ is a mortal, non-thinking material that is fully governed by the physical laws of nature.

Answer 35

physical body

Question 36

He is the philosopher who theorized the Tabula Rasa.

Answer 36

John Locke

Question 37

John Locke believes that the self is _____

Answer 37

consciousness

Question 38

Tabula Rasa Theory means?

Answer 38

Mind is a blank slate

Question 39

John Locke believes we are born without ______.

Answer 39

thoughts

Question 40

Based from John Locke's beliefs, our ______ plays a key role in our definition of the self.

Answer 40

memory

Question 41

John Locke theorized that we are the _____ person as we were in the past for as long as we can remember memories from that past.

Answer 41

same

Question 42

It is our _____ that makes possible our belief that we are the same identity at different times and different places.

Answer 42

consciousness

Question 43

He believed that the source of all genuine knowledge is our direct sense experience.

Answer 43

David Hume

Question 44

David Hume believes in the existence of the mind, and what's inside the mind is divided into two:

Answer 44

Impressions Ideas

Question 45

are those things we perceive through our senses as we experience them.

Answer 45

Impressions

Question 46

are those things that we create in our minds even though we are no longer experiencing them.

Answer 46

Ideas

Question 47

For Hume, the self keeps on _____, like how one looks, one feels, one thinks they constantly change.

Answer 47

changing

Question 48

For David Hume, there is no permanent and unchanging self. True or False?

Answer 48

True

Question 49

For Hume, there is no _____

Answer 49

self

Question 50

He believes that we construct the self.

Answer 50

Immanuel Kant

Question 51

For Kant, man is a ______, capable of making a decision for himself.

Answer 51

free agent

Question 52

Man is a free agent – for he is gifted with ____ and _____ to enable him to organize the data gathered by the senses.

Answer 52

reason free will

Question 53

For Kant, the self is very present. True or False?

Answer 53

True

Question 54

According to this person, there are two selves: one conscious and once unconscious.

Answer 54

Sigmund Freud

Question 55

Sigmund Freud is a philosopher. True or False?

Answer 55

False (Sigmund Freud is not a philosopher, but his views on the nature of the self have had a far-reaching impact on philosophical thinking.)

Question 56

Sigmund Freud founded this theory.

Answer 56

Psychoanalysis

Question 57

Freud believes that there are two levels of human functioning:

Answer 57

the consciousness the unconsciousness

Question 58

the conscious refers to all mental processes of which we are aware; the unconscious refers to mental processes that are not easily accessible to our awareness.

Answer 58

Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 59

Freud believes that even if the conscious self plays an important role in our lives, it is the unconscious self that has the dominant influence on our personalities. True or False?

Answer 59

True

Question 60

The unconscious contains _______ that include aggressiveness, sexuality, and self-destruction; traumatic memories; childhood fantasies and unfulfilled wishes; thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo.

Answer 60

basic instinctual drives

Question 61

This ____ level is characterized by the most primitive level of human motivation and functioning.

Answer 61

unconscious

Question 62

Our most basic instinctual drives in the unconscious level seek immediate gratification or discharge. The impulses at this level are governed solely by the ______ Principle.

Answer 62

Pleasure

Question 63

The conscious self is governed by the _____ Principle.

Answer 63

Reality

Question 64

The _____ self takes the task of controlling the constant pressures of the unconscious self that is constantly seeking for immediate discharge and gratification.

Answer 64

conscious

Question 65

The structural model of the mind:

Answer 65

Id Ego Superego

Question 66

_____ represents man's biological nature, impulses, and bodily desires.

Answer 66

Id

Question 67

______ represents the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates.

Answer 67

Superego

Question 68

This is the one that balances Id and Superego.

Answer 68

Ego

Question 69

If the Ego behaves, then the ______ won.

Answer 69

superego

Question 70

If the Ego misbehaves, the _____ won.

Answer 70

Id

Question 71

The winner of this inner battle between Id and Superego is manifested in the _____, which is the self.

Answer 71

Ego

Question 72

This battle (Id vs. Superego) is all taking place in the ____.

Answer 72

unconscious

Question 73

The realm of the ego is found in the _____.

Answer 73

conscious

Question 74

He simply focused on observable behavior in defining the self.

Answer 74

Gilbert Ryle

Question 75

(Gilbert Ryle) The self is best understood as a ______, a person’s tendency or disposition to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances.

Answer 75

pattern of behavior

Question 76

He disagrees with the concept of dualism.

Answer 76

Paul Churchland

Question 77

Paul Churchland believes that the self is the _____

Answer 77

brain

Question 78

Churchland asserts that since the mind cannot be experienced by the ______, it does not exist.

Answer 78

senses

Question 79

_____ is into the fore of understanding the self.

Answer 79

Neuroscience

Question 80

His ideas suggest that there is unity in our mental, physical, and emotional disposition, and they all affect how we experience our selves.

Answer 80

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 81

Maurice Merleau-Ponty believes that the self is _______

Answer 81

embodied subjectivity

Question 82

According to Maurice Merleau-Ponty, our self is a product of our _______ experience.

Answer 82

conscious human

Question 83

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, entirely rejected the idea of mind and body dichotomy because, for him, man is all about how he sees himself. True or False?

Answer 83

True

Question 84

Enumerate Famous Individuals and their perspectives about the self.

Answer 84

Socrates - The Soul is Immortal Plato - The Soul is Immortal St. Augustine - The Soul is Immortal (Man is created in the image and likeness of God) Rene Descartes - Man is a Thinking Thing John Locke - Self is Consciousness David Hume - There is No Permanent Self Immanuel Kant - We Construct Our Self Sigmund Freud - Man Has Two Levels of Human Functioning (Consciousness and Unconsciousness) Gilbert Ryle - The Self is How You Behave Paul Churchland - The Self is the Brain Maurice Merleau-Ponty - The Self is Embodied Subjectivity

Question 85

The three other terms for Aristotle's 3 Kinds of Soul:

Answer 85

Vegetative Soul Sentient Soul Rational Soul

Question 86

The physical body that can grow.

Answer 86

Vegetative Soul Plants Reproduction/Growth

Question 87

It includes sensual desires, feelings, and emotions.

Answer 87

Sensitive Soul Animals Mobility/Sensation

Question 88

This is what makes man human.

Answer 88

Rational Soul Humans Thought/Reflection

Question 89

Man is composed of Matter and Form

Answer 89

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 90

common stuff that makes up everything

Answer 90

Matter (Hyle)

Question 91

essence of living

Answer 91

Form (Morpe)

Question 92

Hyperbolical Doubt

Answer 92

Rene Descartes

Question 93

Bundle Theory

Answer 93

David Hume

Question 94

collection of impressions

Answer 94

Bundle Theory

Question 95

(Freud) Man is governed by 2 Drives:

Answer 95

Eros and Thanatos