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Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

If a If its ascending, its entering dorsal root ganglions

A

Dorsal root ganglions

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2
Q

Where are unipolar Neurons located?

A

Outside the brain and SC

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3
Q

Where are Bipolar Neurons located?

A

Ear, Eye, Nose

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4
Q

Where are Multipolar Neurons located?

A

Brain and SC

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5
Q

What type of neuron is a sensory neuron?

A

Uni and Bipolar

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6
Q

What type of neuron is a interneuron neuron?

A

Multipolar

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7
Q

What type of neuron is a Motor neuron?

A

Multipolar

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8
Q

What is the Motor neuron Hiearchy

A

1st Order = Precentral Gyrus
2nd Order = Brain Stem
3rd Order - ventral horn of spinal cord

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9
Q

The anteriorspinothalamic tract is respoinsible for what sensation, and where does it deccusate?

A

Crude touch, pressure and Posterior gret horn at the level it enters

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10
Q

What type of receptors are Exteroceptors?

A

Skin, Responses to external stimulus, Pain, Temp, pressure

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11
Q

What type of receptors are Interoceptors ??

A

Internal viscera, Simuls in internal viscera, Chemical changes, tissue stretches (Hungry, and then the body will react)

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12
Q

What type of receptors are Proprioceptors?

A

SKM, Tendons, Joints, Ligaments, Connective tissue  Functions to relay info of joint positions (GTO, spindles)

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13
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the first order neurons?

A

Conduct impulses from cutaneous receptors, and proprioceptors; transmit to the spinal cord or brain stem

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14
Q

First order neurons cell bodies are where?

A

Ganglion (Dorsal Root or Cranial)

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15
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the second order neurons?

A

Tramsit impulses to the thalamus or cerebellum

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16
Q

Where are the second order neurons located?

A

Dorsal Horn of the spinal cord or meduallary Neuclei dorsal column nuclei

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17
Q

In the ascending pathways, what are the third order neurons?

A

Relay impulses to the somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum

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18
Q

Where are the third order neurons located?

A

Thalamus

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19
Q

Motor Neuron Hierarchy states these three are the most important.

A

Precentral Gyrus
Brain Stem
Ventral horn of the Spinal Cord

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20
Q

What are the 3 Levels of Motor Control Precommand?

A

Precommand ( Highest)
Projection Level (Middle)
Segmental (Lowest)

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21
Q

The precomand level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Highest
  • Cerebellum and basal Nuclei
  • Programs and instrictions
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22
Q

The projection level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Middle
  • Motor cortex , and brain stem
  • Conveys instructions to spinal cord motor neurons and sends a copy of the info to higher centers
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23
Q

The Segmental level of motor control is what level, and what is included in this category? (What structures are included)

A
  • Lowest
  • Spinal Cord
  • Contains Central pattern generators (CPGs)
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24
Q

What is the body doing during Decorticate Rigidity

A

Feet- Planter flexed
CF- Internally rotated
Elbows - Flexed
Humerus - Adducted
Hands - Flexed

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25
What is the body doing during Decerebrate Rigidity
Feet- Planter flexed Elbows - Extended Humerus - Adducted Hands - Flexed Forearm -Supinated
26
Crude touch, Damaging temperature(S), and pain is seen more as?
Dangerous and therefore more important
27
Spinocerebellar tracts carry what? To where?
Unconcious proprioceptive iunformation from the muscle spindles, GTO,to cerebellum?
28
Spinocerebellar tracts terminate on what side?
Same side
29
Stretching of the muscle spindles triggers the activation of ??
Type Ia afferent impulses Monosynaptic reflex
30
What creates Autogenic inhibition?
GTO's
31
Muscle spindles are where? on the what type of muscle fibres?
Coil around the non-contractile central portions of intrafusal muscle fibers
32
Gamma Motor neurons activate the?? and what type of proprioceptors are these associated with?
Intrafusal muscle fibers, Muscle Spindles
33
What is associated with the Weightlifting reflex?
GTO
34
Muscle Spindles are located?
In the muscle belly!
35
The Length increasing of muscle spindles does what?
Creates more contractions (Prevents tears and dislocations)
36
Shortening of muscle spindles causes?
Involuntary relaxation
37
What are the components of the reflex arc?
- Receptor - Sensory neuron - Integration center - Motor neuron - Effector
38
What is the characteristic of a monosynaptic reflex?
Originates and termination in the same organ (motor neurons of the same muscle)
39
Polysynaptic reflexes arise what what type of fibres?
Type II afferents
40
What is the function of the Precentral Gyrus ? On what side (Ipsi or Contra?)
The anatomical location of the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movement on the body's contralateral side.
41
What are the deep tendon reflexes?
(1) Bicep (C5-6) (3) Tricep (C7) (5) Knee Extensors (L3-4) (7) Plantarflexion (S1-2)
42
The muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against gravity and against full resistance applied by examiner (What Grade of muscle is this?)
5
43
What are the properties of a grade 5 muscle strength?
The muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against gravity and against full resistance applied by examiner
44
What are the properties of a grade 4 muscle strength?
Muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against moderate resistance
45
Muscle can move the joint it crosses through a full ROM against moderate resistance what grade?
4
46
What are the properties of a grade 3 muscle strength?
The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM against gravity but without any resistance
47
The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM against gravity but without any resistance is what grade?
3
48
What are the properties of a grade 2 muscle strength?
The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM if the part is properly positioned so that the force of gravity is eliminated
49
The muscle can move the join it crosses through a full ROM if the part is properly positioned so that the force of gravity is eliminated is what muscle grade?
2
50
What are the properties of a grade 1 muscle strength?
Muscle contraction is seen/ identified with palpation, but it is insufficient to produce joint movement even with elimination of gravity
51
Muscle contraction is seen/ identified with palpation, but it is insufficient to produce joint movement even with elimination of gravity what grade?
1
52
What are the properties of a grade 0 muscle strength?
No muscle contraction is seen or identified (Paralysis)
53
No muscle contraction is seen or identified (Paralysis) is what grade?
0
54
AISA A means what?
Complete, No motor/ sensory
55
AISA B means what?
Incomplete, Sensory but not motor function is perserved below neurological level
56
AISA C means what?
Incomplete, motor dunction perserved neurological level ** Muscles below neurological level have amuscle grade of <3
57
AISA D means what?
Incomplete, motor function perserved ** Below Level Muscles have a grad 3 or higher (>3)
58
AISA E means what?
Normal motor and sensory
59
Brown Sequard Motor? what
Ipsilateral LMN weakness at lesion level Ipsilateral UMB Weakness Below Lesion
60
Brown Sequard Sensory?
Ipsilateral loss of vibration and proprioception Contralateral loss of pain and temperature Preserved light touch
61
Anterior Cord lesion Motor symptoms?
Bilateral LMN weakness at the lesion Bilateral UMN weaknesses below the lesion (Everything below is low Motor off)
62
Anterior Cord lesion Sensory symptoms?
Preserved vibration and proprioception Bilateral loss of pain and temperature Preserved light touch (Due to ascending works, Descending No!)
63
Central Cord lesion Motor symptoms?
Bilateral motor weakness: upper limb weakness (LMN Lesion) Greater than Lower limb weakness(UMN) Urinary retention
64
Central Cord lesion Sensory symptoms?
Variable bilateral suspended sensory loss Loss of pain and temperature greater than loss of vibration and proprioception
65
Posterior Cord lesion Motor symptoms?
Preserved
66
Posterior lesion Sensory symptoms?
Bilateral loss of vibration, proprioception, light touch at and below the lesion Preserved pain and temperature
67
Cervical Radiculopathy C4-5 (C5- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
S: Shoulder M: Deltoid, Biceps, Supraspinatus R: No Change
68
Cervical Radiculopathy C5-6 (C6- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
S: Thumb M:Biceps R: Bicep and Brachioradialis
69
Cervical Radiculopathy C6-7 (C7- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
S: Middle finger M: Tricept R: Triceps
70
Cervical Radiculopathy C7-T1 (C8- Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
S:Ring & 5th fingers M: Digital flexors/ Intrinsics R: Finger Jerk
71
Lumbar Radiculopathy L3-4 (L4- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
P: Femoral Pain S: Medial Leg M: Tibialis Anterior (Dorsi) R: Knee jerk
72
Lumbar Radiculopathy L4-5 (L5- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
P: Sciatic Pain S:Dorsal foot ro lateral leg M: Extensor Hallucis longus R: Medial Hamshtings
73
Lumbar Radiculopathy L5-S1 (S1- Pain, Sensory, Motor, Reflex)??
P: Sciatic S: Lateral Foor M: Gastro, Soleus (Plantar) R: Ankle Jerk
74
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Cant Piss or shit Reduced deep tendon reflex (Ankle/ Knee) Low back pain radiating to legs
75
Median nerve compression at the hand and wrist is called
Carpal tunnel syndrome.
76

Physiology (7 decks)

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