Module 2 Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
What is the word root for ‘joint’?
A
arthr/o
Example sentence: Arthritis is inflammation of the joints.
2
Q
What is the word root for ‘head’?
A
cephal/o
Example sentence: Cephalalgia is another term for headache.
3
Q
What is the word root for ‘skull’?
A
crani/o
Example sentence: A craniotomy is a surgical procedure involving the skull.
4
Q
What is the word root for ‘rib’?
A
cost/o
Example sentence: A costectomy is the surgical removal of a rib.
5
Q
What is the word root for ‘femur’?
A
femor/o
Example sentence: A femoral fracture is a break in the femur bone.
6
Q
What is the word root for ‘muscle’?
A
muscul/o
Example sentence: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder affecting the muscles.
7
Q
What is the word root for ‘smooth’?
A
lei/o
Example sentence: Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle.
8
Q
What is the word root for ‘striated’?
A
rhabd/o
Example sentence: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer in striated muscle.
9
Q
What is the word root for ‘ligament’?
A
ligament/o
Example sentence: A sprained ankle involves damage to the ligaments.
10
Q
What is the word root for ‘mandible’?
A
madibul/o
Example sentence: The mandibular joint is also known as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
11
Q
What is the word root for ‘maxilla’?
A
maxilla/o
Example sentence: The maxillary sinuses are located in the upper jaw.
12
Q
What is the word root for ‘bone’?
A
oste/o
Example sentence: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones.
13
Q
What is the word root for ‘pelvis’?
A
pelv/i
Example sentence: The pelvis contains the hip bones and sacrum.
14
Q
What is the word root for ‘vertebra’?
A
vertebr/o
Spondy/o
Example sentence: A vertebral fracture can lead to spinal cord injury.
15
Q
What is the word root for ‘tendon’?
A
tendin/o
Ten/o
Example sentence: Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon.
16
Q
What are the abbreviations for cervical vertebrae 1 to 7?
A
C1, C2,…C7
Example sentence: The cervical spine includes vertebrae C1 to C7.
17
Q
What are the abbreviations for thoracic vertebrae 1 to 12?
A
T1, T2,…T12
Example sentence: The thoracic spine consists of vertebrae T1 to T12.
18
Q
What are the abbreviations for lumbar vertebrae 1 to 5?
A
L1, L2..L5
Example sentence: The lumbar spine is made up of vertebrae L1 to L5.
19
Q
LLE
A
Left Lower Extremity
Structural/Functional
20
Q
LUE
A
Left Upper Extremity
Structural/Functional
21
Q
RLE
A
Right Lower Extremity
Structural/Functional
22
Q
RUE
A
Right Upper Extremity
Structural/Functional
23
Q
cranium
A
Skull
Structural/Functional
24
Q
vertebra
A
Spine bone
Structural/Functional
25
mandible
Lower jaw bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
26
maxilla
Upper jaw bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
27
clavicle
Collarbone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
28
scapula
Shoulder blade
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
29
humerus
Upper arm bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
30
radius
Forearm bone (thumb side)
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
31
ulna
Forearm bone (pinky side)
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
32
sternum
Breastbone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
33
ribs
Chest bones
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
34
patella
Kneecap
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
35
pelvis
Hip bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
36
femur
Thigh bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
37
tibia
Shin bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
38
fibula
Calf bone
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
39
phalanges
Finger and toe bones
## Footnote
Structural/Functional
40
3 types of muscles
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
41
This type of muscle is found around hollow organs and blood vessels. What am I? Am I involuntary or voluntary, striated? And how many nuclei?
Smooth muscle
Involuntary
Non striated
1 nucleus
42
This type of muscle has intercalated discs and destroyed. What type of muscle am I? Where am I found my voluntary or involuntary and how many nucleus?
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary
Found around walls of heart
1 nucleus
43
I am a muscle type that is multinucleated. What type of muscle am I? Am I voluntary or involuntary striated or non-striated? And where I found?
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Striated
Found throughout the body attached to bones
44
I am a muscle type that is multinucleated. What type of muscle am I? Am I voluntary or involuntary striated or non-striated? And where I found?
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary
Striated
Found throughout the body attached to bones
45
Arthritis
inflammation of joints
## Footnote
Pathology
46
Gout
## Footnote
Pathology
47
Osteoarthritis
## Footnote
Pathology
48
Rheumatoid arthritis
## Footnote
Pathology
49
Bunion
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
## Footnote
Pathology
50
Dislocation
displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function
## Footnote
Pathology
51
Fracture
sudden breaking of a bone
## Footnote
Pathology
52
Closed (simple) fracture
break in bone, no opening of the skin
## Footnote
Pathology
53
Open (compound) fracture
break in bone as well as opened skin
## Footnote
Pathology
54
Greenstick fracture
incomplete; one side of bone is broken while the other side is bent
## Footnote
Pathology
55
Comminuted fracture
force so great that the bone is crushed or splintered
## Footnote
Pathology
56
Osteoporosis
"porous bones", fragile bones due to loss of bone density
## Footnote
Pathology
57
Sprain
injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint; caused by twisting.
## Footnote
Pathology
58
Strain
injury to the muscle or attachment of the tendon due to over stretching/over extending.
## Footnote
Pathology
59
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
## Footnote
Diagnosit/Laboratory
60
Rheumatoid arthritis factor
## Footnote
Diagnosit/Laboratory
61
Rheumatoid arthritis
## Footnote
Diagnosit/Laboratory
62
X-rays
## Footnote
Diagnosit/Laboratory
63
Arthrocentisis
## Footnote
Procedural
64
Arthrogram (arthrography)
## Footnote
Procedural
65
Arthroplasty
## Footnote
Procedural
66
Oral cavity
The mouth cavity where food enters the digestive system.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The oral cavity contains the teeth and tongue.
67
Tongue
A muscular organ in the mouth that helps with chewing and swallowing.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The taste buds on the tongue help us sense different flavors.
68
Oropharynx
The part of the throat behind the mouth that connects to the esophagus.
## Footnote
Oropharynx is important for both breathing and swallowing.
69
Esophagus
A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach for food passage.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The esophagus uses peristalsis to push food down to the stomach.
70
Liver
A vital organ that performs many functions, including detoxification and bile production.
## Footnote
The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body.
71
Gallbladder
A small organ that stores bile produced by the liver to aid in digestion.
## Footnote
The gallbladder can develop gallstones that may cause pain.
72
Duodenum
The first part of the small intestine where most digestion takes place.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The duodenum receives bile from the gallbladder.
73
Ascending colon
The part of the large intestine that moves upwards on the right side of the abdomen.
## Footnote
The ascending colon absorbs water and electrolytes from feces.
74
Ileum
The final part of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine.
## Footnote
Ileum absorbs nutrients that were not absorbed by the duodenum.
75
Cecum
A pouch-like structure that connects the small and large intestines.
## Footnote
The cecum contains beneficial bacteria for digestion.
76
Appendix
A small, finger-like pouch attached to the cecum with unknown function.
## Footnote
The appendix can become inflamed, leading to appendicitis.
77
Stomach
An organ that stores and digests food with the help of stomach acid and enzymes.
## Footnote
Example sentence: The stomach lining protects itself from acid damage.
78
Pancreas
A gland that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.
## Footnote
The pancreas is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels.
79
Transverse colon
The part of the large intestine that runs horizontally across the abdomen.
## Footnote
The transverse colon absorbs water and salts from feces.
80
Jejunum
The middle part of the small intestine where further absorption of nutrients occurs.
## Footnote
Jejunum is rich in villi for nutrient absorption.
81
Sigmoid colon
The S-shaped part of the large intestine leading to the rectum.
## Footnote
Sigmoid colon stores feces until they are expelled through the anus.
82
Rectum
The final part of the large intestine where feces are stored before elimination.
## Footnote
The rectum has stretch receptors to signal the need for a bowel movement.
83
Anal canal and anus
The last part of the digestive tract where waste is expelled from the body.
## Footnote
The anal canal contains sphincters to control bowel movements.
84
Name the 4 areas
85
Name the areas
86
Name the areas
87
Suffix meaning vomiting
-emesis
## Footnote
Example: Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood.
88
Suffix meaning digestion
-pepsia
## Footnote
Example: Dyspepsia is difficult digestion.
89
Suffix meaning swallow
-phagia
## Footnote
Example: Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing.
90
Suffix meaning speech
-phasia
## Footnote
Example: Aphasia is loss of speech.
91
Suffix meaning instrument for visual examination
-scope
## Footnote
Example: Endoscope is an instrument for visual examination inside the body.
92
Suffix meaning process of visual examination
-scopy
## Footnote
Example: Colonoscopy is the process of visual examination of the colon.
93
Word Root meaning abdomen
abdomin/o
## Footnote
94
Word Root meaning appendix
appendic/o
## Footnote
95
Word Root meaning anus
an/o
## Footnote
96
Word Root meaning cheek
bucc/o
## Footnote
97
Word Root meaning tooth
dent/o
## Footnote
98
Word Root meaning small intestine
enter/o
## Footnote
99
Word Root meaning esophagus
esophag/o
## Footnote
100
Word Root meaning stomach
gastr/o
## Footnote
101
Word Root meaning gum
gingiv/o
## Footnote
102
Word Root meaning tongue
gloss/o and lingu/o
## Footnote
103
Word Root meaning liver
hepat/o
## Footnote
104
What is the medical term for mouth?
Or/o and stomat/o
105
What is the medical term for rectum?
Proct/o
106
What is the medical term for rectum?
Proct/o
107
Abbreviation for gastrointestinal
GI
## Footnote
Gastrointestinal
108
Abbreviation for nausea and vomiting
N&V
## Footnote
Nausea and vomiting
109
Abbreviation for nasogastric
NG
## Footnote
Nasogastric
110
Abbreviation for ova and parasites
O&P
## Footnote
Ova and parasites
111
Definition of digestion
Chemical and physical altering of foods it can be utilized by the cells
## Footnote
Digestion - chemical and physical altering of foods it can be utilized by the cells
112
Definition of elimination
Voiding/defecation
## Footnote
Elimination - voiding/defecation
113
Definition of mastication
Chewing
## Footnote
Mastication - chewing
114
Definition of peristalsis
The moving of substances along the digestive tract by rhythmic, serial contractions of smooth muscle.
## Footnote
Peristalsis - the moving of substances along the digestive tract by rhythmic, serial contractions of smooth muscle.
115
Pathology term for inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
## Footnote
Appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix
116
Pathology term for difficulty passing stools
Constipation
## Footnote
Constipation - difficulty passing stools
117
What are the major organs of the GI tract?
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Appendix
118
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
## Footnote
Example sentence: The patient presented with diarrhea and dehydration.
119
dental caries
tooth decay caused by acid-forming microorganisms
## Footnote
120
emesis
vomiting
## Footnote
121
hemorrhoids
varicose (distended) veins that have protruded through the rectum
## Footnote
122
hernia
irregular protrusion of tissue or organ through an abnormal break in the cavity's muscular wall
## Footnote
123
ulcers
break in the mucous membrane in the lining of the GI tract as a result of hyperacidity
## Footnote
124
barium enema
lower gastrointestinal exam (lower GI, barium enema)
## Footnote
First term used for lower gastrointestinal exam with alternative terms being lower GI and barium enema
125
barium swallow
upper gastrointestinal exam (upper GI)
## Footnote
First term used for upper gastrointestinal exam with alternative term being upper GI
