Module 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the three functions of DNA?
Encode information, provide structural properties and regulatory roles.
Where does mRNA expression occur?
Lews condense euchromatin regions, nuclear interior (less electron dense)
is heterochromatin less or more transcriptionally active?
Less, in nuclear periphery (more nuclear dense).
Whta is LAD?
Latin associated domain
Where is rRNA expressed?
Nucleolus in the nucleus
How many nucleolus’s can a cell have?
One or many
What are sub-nuclear structures?
Self organising membrane-less organelles gather machinery involved in nuclear activities to separate them into ‘compartments’.
What is a Cajal Body?
They process the hTERC RNA component of telomerese, scaRNAs and snoRNAs.
What is the role of snRNps?
Splicing pre-mRNA (removing introns)
What is the role of snoRNA’s?
Guide chemical modification(methylation or pseudouridylation)
Wha is speckle bodies?
Enriched in pre-messenger RNA splicing factors.
What is nuclear transport?
a transport system for import and export through NPC
What is NPC?
Nuclear pore complexes, fuse inner and outer nuclear membranes to form channels
What can pass through a NPC?
Small molecules, metabolites, ions and macromolecules
What are exported macromolecules?
mRNA’s for translation
What are imported macromolecules?
All nuclear proteins (histones, DNA binding proteins etc)
How does NPC’s achieve macromolecules transportation?
GTP-GDP hydrolysis
What is a laminopathies?
Dense filamentous meshwork, provides mechanical support for the nuclear envelope and is a site for chromatin to attach.
What are the three important things about nuclear transfer?
Therapeutic potential, cloning and differentiation is reversible
Nuclear transfer: therapeutic potential
Somatic cells from parents -. generate pluripotent embryonic stem cells -. correct mutations in vitro
Nuclear transfer: Cloning
Transfer somatic cell to unfertilised egg
Nuclear transfer: Differentiation is reversible
Development of live offering -. reprogram cell
