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BIOL3006 > Module 9 > Flashcards

Module 9 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is cell migration?

A

Movement of a single cell or group in response to chemical or mechanical signal

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2
Q

How can cells move?

A

Cilia and flagella, elements in cytoplasm, growth cones or in sheets or clusters

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3
Q

Abercrombie steps of migration

A

Signaling and establishment of cell polarity, an extension of leading-edge, formation of adhesions, traction from the substrate, retraction, de-adersion and cell translocation.

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4
Q

What is multicellular streaming?

A

Cells elongated and in a line, contact inhibition to channel

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5
Q

What is collective cell migration?

A

Formed from a cluster of >100 cells that migrated from head to tail of embryos

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6
Q

What cells are used in collective cell migration?

A

Compact epithelial clusters

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7
Q

What are the two time of single cell migration?

A

Mesenchymal and emoeboid

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8
Q

What is mesenchymal migration?

A

High adhesion with substrate and asymmetrical cell organisation

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9
Q

What is Ameboid migration?

A

Use substrate to propulsive pushing.

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10
Q

What are the three actin structures for mesenchymal migration?

A

Lamellipodium (sheet-like), filopodia (finger-like), and stress fibers (actin bundles).

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11
Q

What is focal adhesions?

A

Protein complexes that attach cells to the underlying matrix

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12
Q

What is traction in cell migration?

A

Anchor points to pull the cells forward

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13
Q

What is integrin-adaptor proteins?

A

Cluster, functioning to signal and scaffold onto actin cytoskeleton

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14
Q

Can cells sense the physical properties and forces excerted?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What happens if a cell senses the rigidity of the maxtix?

A

Adjust the tension that they excert

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16
Q

What does changing the tension do?

A

Regulates the focal adhesion

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17
Q

What is focal turnover

A

Assessmle, mature and disassemble

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18
Q

Where do microtubules target and ether?

A

Focal adhesion

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19
Q

What do microtubules deliver?

A

Disassmbly factors

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20
Q

If treatments cause microtubles to depolymerize, what happens?

A

Large focal adhesions, increased fibre stress

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21
Q

What is a cell cortex?

Study These Flashcards
A

A thin layer of actin meshwork underlying the plaza membrane

22
Q

What is a bleb?

Study These Flashcards
A

Otward buldge in plazma membranę produced by hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

What are the steps to form a bleb?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rupture of cortex, expansion of membrane du to pressure, repair cortex resolves bleb

24
Q

What the chemical signaling for cell migration?

Study These Flashcards
A

Growth factors, chemokines and cytokines

25
What the physical signaling for cell migration?
Matrix density and topographic cues
26
What is the environment that makes cells move from the front?
High RAC and low RHO
27
What is the environment that makes cells move from the back?
High RHO and low RAC
28
What is front to rear polarity?
The gradient of polarity markers guided by self polarization mechanism
29
What is leading edge extension?
Bleb formation at the leading edge
30
What is friction/adhesion with substrate?
Weak adhesion and friction
31
De-adhesion/translocation
Blebbing cells translocate fast due to the weak adhesion
32
How does the cytoskeleton scafold onto the nucleus?
LINC
33
What Golgi and centrosomes linke to?
Microtubules
34
What are MTOCs?
Golgi and centrosomes - microtubule organising centres
35
How do centrosomes align their axis?
Front to rear
36
How does Golgi align their axis?
Leading edge
37
In a more complex environment cells need to do what?
Sense, find efficient path, position themselves and change shape
38
How does an immune cell retract its side extensions?
Microtubules despabilase
39
What are the steps to repair migration associated nuclear deformations?
Activation of cGAS-STING, BAF initiates repair and ESCRT lll repairs nuclear envelope
40
What is essential for cell migration?
ATP
41
How do cells meet energy requirements?
Dephosphorylation of ATP and ADP
42
What is mitochondrial activity is linked too?
Morphology and motility (fission and fusion) and transport
43
Where are mitochondria positioned?
Areas with high ATP demand
44
Where are mitochondria when t - t-cells are moving fast?
Back
45
Where are mitochondria when t-cells are interacting with other cells?
Front
46
What is a kymograph?
Measures cell oscillation
47
What is wound edge migration?
What we did in class scratch array
48
What is durotaxis?
Cells respond to a gradient of extracellular stiffness (gradients created)
49
What is microfluidic devices?
Imagining cells in 3D
50
What is mitochondrial fusion?
Two join together to become one
51
What is mitochondrial fission?
One separates to become two

BIOL3006 (8 decks)

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