Module 2

Question 1

is participatory, people-centered development focused on marginalized communities’ growth, transformation, and well-being.

Answer 1

Community Development

Question 2

What are the two types of communities in CD?

Answer 2

Geographic (spatial)
Non-spatial (interest-based)

Question 3

community based on territory like barangays or sitios.

Answer 3

Geographic (spatial)

Question 4

These are composed of the people living in a definite territorial space, and with a set of values and norms that govern the lives and relationships of the
constituents.

Answer 4

Geographic communities

Question 5

living in the same locality creates a condition where the people are bonded by common socio-economic, political, cultural, and environmental forces.

Answer 5

Geographic communities

Question 6

The members of this community may not live in the same
locality, but they are affected, bonded, or determined by common interests, needs, challenges,
forces, or aspirations.

Answer 6

Non-spatial (interest-based Communit

Question 7

This type of community includes groups of
people coming from the various sectors who bind together, temporarily, or strategically, to
achieve specific purposes or objectives.

Answer 7

Non-spatial (interest-based Communit

Question 8

They see that coming and acting together would help in
achieving their common purpose.

Answer 8

Non-spatial (interest-based Communit

Question 8

Where is the first social development launched

Answer 8

African and Asian countries

Question 9

Where is the first social development launched

Answer 9

after World War 2

Question 9

What type of social development was first launched

Answer 9

Community-Based Development

Question 10

very often their reactions are nothing more than grumbling
about issues but ultimately simply finding ways of individually coping with such situations

Answer 10

marginalized group/communmity

Question 11

…Communities which have an almost total lack of understanding of the structures that
determine their lives

Answer 11

marginalized group/communmity

Question 12

…people who, through generations, have accepted powerlessness as a
permanent feature of their lives and are thus unable to even perceive reality as problematic

Answer 12

marginalized group/communmity

Question 13

who have forfeited the right to intervene in decisions and policies that determine the quality of
their lives

Answer 13

marginalized group/communmity

Question 14

What is Development according to Thomas (2000)?

Answer 14

• A vision or measure of a desirable state of being for society
• A historical process of social change in which societies are transformed over a long
  period, and
• Deliberate efforts aimed at improvement on the part of vanous agencies (e.g.,
  governments, NGOs, social movements, etc. )

Question 15

A vision or measure of a desirable state of being for society

Answer 15

Development

Question 16

Deliberate efforts aimed at improvement on the part of vanous agencies (e.g.,
governments, NGOs, social movements, etc. )

Answer 16

Development

Question 16

A historical process of social change in which societies are transformed over a long
period, and

Answer 16

Development

Question 17

___________________ implies changes occurring simultaneously at the level or society and of individual human beings.

Answer 17

Development

Question 18

It is a process of improvement which builds on itself also causing destruction, and those adversely
affected are generally powerless to help themselves.

Answer 18

Development

Question 19

The most dominant meaning of development

Answer 19

Development as Modernization and Economic Growth

Question 20

“has often been equated with economic
development, and economic development in turn with economic growth. Under this modd, the
‘undeveloped’ Third World, need to follow the path of the West to reach tbe vision of the ‘modem
industrial society’.

Question 21

seen as an imitative process in which countries like the Philippines,
given the right ‘inputs’ and conditions, gradually and naturally assume the qualities of the
developed industrialized nations

Question 22

The ________________-is that they have undergone industrial revolutions which have led to economic development (the increase in productive capacity and labor productivity) and he.nce economic growth (as measured by increases in GNP).

Answer 22

development

Question 23

It means that they have undergone industrial revolutions which have led to economic development and economic growth

Answer 23

development

Question 24

the increase in productive capacity and labor productivity

Answer 24

economic development

Question 25

is measured by increases in GNP

Answer 25

economic growth

Question 26

It means that they have undergone industrial revolutions which have led to _____________and ___________

Answer 26

economic development economic growth

Question 27

It implies complete transformations in many aspects of life, brought about by economic development through industry and industrialization.

Answer 27

modernization

Question 28

This means an increased percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GOP) from outputs of the industrial sector, and more fundamentally, a general change of social structure, organization.

Answer 28

industrialization

Question 29

_________________thus was seen simply as a matter of applying appropriate levels of investment after taking into consideration the rate of population growth and the desired rate of growth.

Answer 29

Economic growth

Question 30

this type of economic development has not necessarily met other human needs.

Answer 30

Development as Modernization and Economic Growth

Question 31

In Development as Modernization and Economic Growth, how do they define a winner or loser in that meaning?

Answer 31

The argument essentially is that the best way to achieve significant growth is by increasing the scale of production and concentrating capital investments in the larger more productive enterprises. While this process creates 'winners' (e.g., industria! Sectors), it also creates 'losers' (for example small agncultural producers who can no longer make a living and who migrate to cities in search. of productive opportunities for their labor).

Question 31

How does the Social Goals approach define development?

Answer 31

Meeting basic needs + promoting justice, equity, and self-reliance.

Question 31

What is the Modernization/Economic Growth model of development?

Answer 31

It equates development with industrialization and GNP growth, modeled after the West. Criticized for causing inequality.

Question 32

_____________ pertains to achieving both material needs for survival and broader societal objectives such as social and economic justice and equity.

Answer 32

Social development

Question 33

What are the 4 Components of social development

Answer 33

self-reliance develop and make full use of one's capacities welfare social justice

Question 33

Development involves changes in the awareness, motivation and behavior of individuals and in the relations between individuals as well as between groups within a society.

Answer 33

Development as Transformation

Question 34

Development also means people will be able to achieve many of these material improvements through their own efforts and will participate in decisions which will affect their lives.

Answer 34

Development as Transformation

Question 35

This requires from society that conditions - economic, political, social, cultural, spiritual - exist for each person to develop themselves to their full potential.

Answer 35

Development as Transformation

Question 35

This type of development can only be regarded as real development if the effect has been to reduce· poverty, strengthen human rights and social justice.

Answer 35

Development as Transformation

Question 36

A shift in awareness and behavior that empowers people from within, emphasizing participation.

Answer 36

Development as Transformation

Question 37

The UN Declaration on the_________________, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 4, 1986

Answer 37

Right to Development

Question 37

Development is a right. People are rights-holders; states are duty-bearers. It focuses on participation and accountability.

Answer 37

Human Rights-Based Approach to development

Question 38

The UN Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the ______________ on December 4, 1986

Question 38

the duty-bearer is the _____________

Answer 38

government

Question 39

The UN Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 4, 1986

Answer 39

December 4, 1986

Question 39

This perspective views 'development' as a "comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process whose objective is the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of the resulting benefits.

Answer 39

Development as a Human Right

Question 39

The __________________ approach to development assumes that there is an acknowledged duty-bearer with a responsibility to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of a legitimate claima.nt of rights holder

Answer 39

rights-based approach

Question 39

Development is people-centered, participatory and environmentally sound involving not just economic growth but equitable distribution, enhancement of ·people's capabilities and widening their choices.' It gives top priority to poverty elimination, integration of women into the development process, self-reliance and self-determination of people and govemments, and protection of the rights of indigenous people.

Answer 39

Development as a Human Right

Question 39

They have obligations, to conform with the law and not to obstruct the ability of others to enjoy their rights.

Answer 39

rights-holders

Question 39

rights-holders are the ___________

Answer 39

citizens

Question 40

This perspective requires the development of adequate. laws, policies, institutions, administrative procedures and practices, and mechanisms of redress and accountability that can deliver entitlements, respond to denial and violations, and ensure ·accountability.

Answer 40

Development as a Human Right

Question 41

It calls for the translation of universal standards into locally determined benchmarks for measuring progress and enhancing accountability.

Answer 41

Development as a Human Right

Question 42

Using a _______________ approach means a significant change from referring to the poor as 'beneficiaries' to 'rightsholders' or claimants.

Answer 42

rights-based approach

Question 43

The welfare concept of 'needs' must also give way to ___________ or ___________. Internalizing this important change in language helps increase our downward accountability to the communities.

Answer 43

unfulfilled or ‘denied rights’

Question 44

Using a rights-based approach means a significant change from referr.ing to the poor as '________' to '__________' or ________-.

Answer 44

'beneficiaries' 'rightsholders' claimants.

Question 45

The welfare concept of 'needs' must also give way to ___________- or ‘______________

Answer 45

unfulfilled denied rights’

Question 46

Who is the person that sees development as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy. It is about "increasing the possibilities for more people to realize their potentials as human beings through the expansion of their capabilities for functioning".

Answer 46

Nobel laureate Amartya Sen (1999)

Question 46

development as a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy. It is about "increasing the possibilities for more people to realize their potentials as human beings through the expansion of their capabilities for functioning".

Answer 46

Development as Freedom

Question 46

development as "about the enrichment of human lives - not in the sense of having more things' particularly, but rather that of having the freedom to choose between different ways of living".

Answer 46

Sen's capability approach or Development as Freedom

Question 46

Development means expanding freedoms and capabilities to live the life one values.

Answer 46

Amartya Sen capabilities Approach or Development as Freedom

Question 46

What are the 5 different ways to define a Development?

Answer 46

1. Development as Modernization and Economic Growth 2. Social Development 3. Development as Transformation 4. Development as Human Right 5. Development as Freedom

Question 46

Originated from sociological theories of evolution and community welfare efforts, especially in post-war colonial contexts.

Answer 46

social development

Question 47

This term is used by sociologists and other social scientists to refer to human interactions and the complex phenomena that arise from these interactions, such as a large number of groups and associations including the family, neighbourhood associations, formal organisations, communities and even societies.

Answer 47

social

Question 48

This approach was inspired by Darwin’s work and his discovery of the way natural selection shapes the complex form of biological life that evolved since primeval times.

Answer 48

social development

Question 48

This term has a dynamic connotation and refers to a process of change, growth, progress or evolution.

Answer 48

development

Question 48

The term also has a welfare connotation which alludes to people’s well being and collective efforts to improve social conditions.

Answer 48

social

Question 49

it was originally defined as involving growth and industrialisation.

Answer 49

development

Question 49

it was first employed by sociologists in the late nineteenth century to refer to the processes by which societies evolve from a traditional or ‘primitive’ state to a modern, advanced level of ‘civilisation’.

Answer 49

social development

Question 50

Aside from calling Social Development as activism in project-based approach or grassroot approach, some call it ________ or _________

Answer 50

bureaucratic or top-down approach (WTF?!)

Question 50

sometimes called ‘guided’ social change

Answer 50

social development

Question 51

In ____________, they founded the International Consortium for Social Development, which launched Social Development Issues, a leading journal in the field, and actively promoted social development for many years through professional conferences and exchange programmes (Meinert, 1991).

Answer 51

1972

Question 51

In 1972, they founded the _______________, which launched Social Development Issues, a leading journal in the field, and actively promoted social development for many years through professional conferences and exchange programmes (Meinert, 1991).

Answer 51

International Consortium for Social Development

Question 52

In 1972, they founded the International Consortium for Social Development, which launched ________________-, a leading journal in the field, and actively promoted social development for many years through professional conferences and exchange programmes (Meinert, 1991).

Answer 52

Social Development Issues

Question 52

It is a leading journal in the field, and actively promoted social development for many years through professional conferences and exchange programmes

Answer 52

Social Development Issues

Question 53

contends that meaningful social change can only be achieved when the social structures that perpetuate poverty, inequality and oppression are challenged by ordinary people and ultimately dismantled. This definition prioritises activism, especially at the local level, and concepts such as conscientization, ‘empowerment’ and ‘transformative social change’ are widely used to challenge those who use their wealth and power to oppress women, ethnic minorities and the poor.

Answer 53

project-based approach or Grassroots community activism

Question 54

Its was also inspired by the rural reconstruction projects of Gandhi and Tagore in India, which sought to address the problem of rural poverty at the local level.

Answer 54

Community development

Question 55

term ‘social development’ was embraced by the ______________--

Answer 55

British government.

Question 56

It is the development of the capacity of people to work continuously for their own and society’s welfare’

Answer 56

social development

Question 56

a process that brings about ‘an integrated, balanced and unified social and economic development of society, and one that gives expression to the values of human dignity, equality and social justice’.

Answer 56

social development

Question 57

planned and directed change that ‘enables people to achieve greater happiness, satisfaction and a peaceful life’.

Answer 57

social development

Question 57

seeks ‘to create humanistic societies committed to achieving peace in the world and progress for all people’ (

Answer 57

social development