Module 2

Question 0

Hospital acquired infections (HAI)

Answer 0

Infections acquired while in the hospital

Question 1

Infection - definition

Answer 1

The result of an interaction between a susceptible host and an infectious agent

Question 2

Standard precautions

Answer 2

• used in care of all hospitalized patients regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status
• apply to blood, bodily fluid, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, regardless of whether or not they contain visible blood
• an example is hand hygiene

Question 3

Transmission based precautions

Answer 3

Used in addition to standard precautions for patients with suspected infection

Question 4

Components of standard precautions

Answer 4

1. hand hygiene
2. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
3. Avoid recapping needles; dispose of sharp objects appropriately
4. Handle patient care equipment correctly
5. Use adequate environment controls
6. Review room assignments
7. Wear personal protective devices if needed

Question 5

In regards to the hands, where is the highest concentration of organisms?

Answer 5

Underneath the fingernails

Question 6

What precautions would you take if you had a small lesion on your hand?

Answer 6

Bandage the area and double glove

Question 7

What does PPE consist of?

Answer 7

1. Gloves
2. gown
3. respiratory protection (airborne mask, droplet mask)
4. Eye protection (goggles, face shield)

Question 8

Which type of mask is used for droplet precautions?

Answer 8

A regular surgical mask; Prevents from inhaling large particles which travel a short distance

Question 9

Which type of mask is worn for airborne precautions?

Answer 9

An N95 mask; prevents from inhaling small particles which remain in the air and travel long distances

Question 10

What are the types of transmission based precautions?

Answer 10

1. Airborne precautions
2. Droplet precautions
3. Contact precautions
4. Neutropenic/protective environment

Question 11

1. Which types of patients are airborne precautions used for?
2. What are the most common of airborne precautions organisms?
3. What are the airborne precautions?

Answer 11

1. Used for patients who have organisms that remain in the air and travel a longer distance (small particles)
2. TB, Chicken pox, measles
3. Precautions:
   - must wear a particulate filter mask (N95)
   - keep the patients’ door closed at all times
   - patients must wear a surgical mask when leaving the room for any
   reason
   - The patient is in a negative air pressure room

Question 12

1. Which types of patients are contact precautions used for?
2. What are the most common organisms that require contact
   precautions?
3. What are the contact precautions?

Answer 12

1. Used for patients who are infected or colonized by a multi drug –
   resistant organism (MDRO).
2. Clostridium difficile (C-diff), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
   aureus (MRSA)
3. Precautions include the use of barrier precautions (such as gloves and impermeable gowns) to prevent direct contact with infectious organisms

Question 13

1. Which types of patients are droplet precautions used for?
2. What are the most common organisms that require droplet
   precautions?
3. What are the droplet precautions?

Answer 13

1. Used for patients who have organisms that are spread by large
   particles.
2. Rubella, mumps, diphtheria, influenza, meningitis
3. • Must wear a surgical down and mask into the room
   • gloves should be worn any time handling tissues or items
     contaminated with the respiratory secretions
   • visitors must be kept 3 feet away from the infected patient
   • keep the patients door closed at all times
   • The patient must wear a surgical mask when leaving the room for
     any reason

Question 14

1. What types of patients are neutropenic/protective environment
   precautions used for?
2. What are the most common diseases that require a neutropenic or
   protective environment?
3. What are the neutropenic precautions?

Answer 14

1. Used for patients to decrease the risk of infection in the most severe
   immunocompromised patients.
2. Cancer (chemotherapy), AIDS, organ transplants
   3.
   
   • restrict visitors who have colds or contagious illnesses
   • use standard precautions and insure all caregivers are healthy
   • avoid collection of standing water from flowers or humidifiers to
     prevent bacteria found in this water

Question 15

What is the proper order of putting on PPE?

Answer 15

1. Gown
2. Mask
3. Goggles/face shield
4. Gloves

Question 16

What is the proper order for removing PPE?

Answer 16

1. Gloves
2. Goggles/face shield
3. Gown
4. Mask - if wearing a N95 face mask, remove after exiting the patient’s room when in the anteroom