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MEDL 330 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the cleaning procedures for collection trays/carts?

A

Daily- wipe spills with strong bleach, dust, wipe top of needle disposal

Weekly- submersion in weak bleach for 5-10min

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2
Q

What containers are required for sharps disposal?

A

Puncture resistant containers.

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3
Q

What are the benefits of wearing gloves?

A

Provide a protective barrier

Reduce vol of blood in the event of a needle stick injury

Reduce microorganism transmission

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4
Q

What are the different kinds of gloves and their pros/cons?

A

Latex- fit well but breakdown and many are allergic

Vinyl- nonallergenic but don’t fit as well

Nitrile- fit well but designed to tear if perforated

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5
Q

What are the functions of tourniquets?

A

Briefly inhibit venous return to make the vein more palpable

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6
Q

What is the max time a tourniquet should be left on and why?

A

1 min

Partial filtration will occur, hemoconcentration.

Falsely elevated protein, hematocrit and other cell count levels.

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7
Q

What are the different types of tourniquets?

A

Blood pressure cuff

Latex

Nonlatex

Velcro

Buckle cloth elastics

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8
Q

What kinds of alcohol are used to clean collection sites and when?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol- routine collections

10% povidone iodine- blood cultures or blood alcohol

Chlorhexidine gluconate- blood alcohol

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9
Q

What are the parts of the needle?

A

Bevel

Shaft

Hub

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10
Q

What are the most common gauges and their colour coding?

A

23- blue

22- black

21- green

20- yellow

18- pink

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11
Q

How can hemolysis be avoided?

A

By not using a small needle with a large vacuum tube.

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12
Q

What are the different types of evacuated system needles?

A

Single sample

Multisample- rubber seal/valve to prevent leakage between tubes

PunctureGuard- self blunting

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13
Q

What are the components of evacuated systems?

A

Needle

Holder

Evacuated tubes

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14
Q

What are the different types of holders?

A

Sizes- larger vols, shorter, paediatric

Pronto- quick release

Shielded blood needle adapter- needle is retracted and locked

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15
Q

What are the different kinds of evacuated tubes?

A

Hemogard- rubber stopper surrounded by plastic shield

UltraSeal stopper- reduces spatter and contamination

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16
Q

What are nonadditive tubes used for?

A

Serum samples

Red tops

Coated with silicon to prevent blood cells sticking a rupturing

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17
Q

What are the different additives found in tubes?

A

Anticoagulants

Antiglycolytic agents

Clot activators

Thixotropic gel separators

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18
Q

What are the different anticoagulants and their functions?

A

EDTA- chelates Ca, inhibits platlet clumping, can’t be used for coag procedures

Heparin- interferes with thrombin formation

NaCit- chelates Ca

K/Na/NH4 oxalate- binds Ca, used with antiglycolytic agents

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19
Q

What is the function of antiglycolytic agents and what is an example of one?

A

Inhibit glucose metabolism

Na fluoride- glucose testing, inhibits enzymes

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20
Q

How do clot activators enhance coagulation?

A

Increase the surface area for platlet activation

Enhance the clotting process

  • Facilitate full clotting
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21
Q

What is the function of thixotropic gel separators?

A

Form a physical barrier between the cells and fluid.

Clot and serum or cells and plasma

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22
Q

What is the correct order of drawing tubes?

A

Blood culture/sterile

Citrate (light blue)

Serum (SST/red)

Heparin (PST/green)

EDTA (lavender)

Fluoride (grey)

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23
Q

What is the function of collection tray/carts?

A

Used to carry equipment for collections.

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24
Q

Describe a red top tube and its additives.

A

No additives (unless plastic then clot activator, mix 5x)

Use for serum, chemistry, immunology, toxicology

Coated to prevent cell adherence

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25
Describe a SST/gold tube and its additives.
Polymer barrier and clot activator (mix 5x) Serum chemistry, serology Can store after separation
26
Describe a STAT serum/yellow-black-orange top tube and its additives.
Two units of thrombin (mix 5x) STAT serum chemistry, anticoagulation Clots in 5min
27
Describe a navy blue top tube and its additives.
Can have heparin (8x), sodium EDTA (8x) or no additive Serum trace elements, toxicology, nutrient analysis
28
Describe a lavender top tube and its additives.
EDTA or dipotassium EDTA (mix 8-10x) Hematology, while blood counts and sizing Inversions prevent clotting
29
Describe a pink top tube and its additives.
Dipotassium EDTA (mix 8-10x) Transfusion medicine Special label
30
Describe a grey top tube and its additives.
Glycolytic inhibitor- NaF or NaK oxalate (mix 8-10x) Preserves glucose, whole blood, plasma If tube is under filled hemolysis occurs Use for blood alcohol
31
Describe a light blue top tube and its additives.
3.2% NaCit (mix 3-4x) Coagulation studies, plasma Must be 99% filled Centrifuge 1500G for 15 min
32
Describe a green top tube and its additives.
Na heparin (mix 8-10x) STAT electrolytes, plasma Can be centrifuges immediately
33
Describe a PST/light green top tube and its additives.
Li heparin and inert polymer (mix 8-10x) STATs, plasma Don't use for Li analysis Separates as it spins
34
Describe a yellow top tube and its additives.
SPS (mix 8-10x) Blood cultures
35
What are the two ways to describe tube sizes?
Actual measured size Vol of fluid it can contain
36
What are the benefits to using standard size tubes to collect various sample sizes?
Only need one size holder More efficient Reduced need for balancing
37
How are partial draw tubes indicated?
Translucent hemogard stopper.
38
How can we compensated for high altitude effects in small draw tubes?
Mexico City tubes Suspend a small tube in a larger tube
39
What is the blood:additive ratio allowed to vary by?
+/- 10%
40
Why is mixing after collection important?
Unmixed anticoagulants clot Unmixed clot activators don't clot
41
What are the different volume effects?
Over- clotting Under- not enough sample, dilution effect, cell changes
42
What is the minimum acceptable full volume/NSQ of all tubes except NaCit?
50% capacity
43
Why is it important to follow the correct tube fill order?
Otherwise carry over contamination could occur.
44
What could happen if EDTA is collected first?
Elevated K or falsely low Ca
45
What should K oxalate and Fluoride tubes always be collected last?
K contamination- false increase Oxalate damages cell membranes and chelates Ca Fluoride acts as an enzyme inhibitor
46
What if Na oxalate is filled instead of K oxalate?
False increase in Na
47
What if tubes are contaminated with clot activators?
Interfere with coagulation tests
48
When are discard tubes required?
For special coag testing (VIII) If drawn with a butterfly needle Gets right vol, accounts for air drawn from tubing
49
What are the parts of a syringe?
Barrel Plunger
50
What are syringes useful for?
Patients with delicate/damaged veins Patients with difficult veins Blood culture specimens
51
What are the different types of tips used in syringes?
Smooth tips Leur-lock
52
Why must blood be transferred as quickly as possible from the syringe to the vacuum tube?
To prevent microclot formation. Anticoag tubes can be filled first.
53
What are the three ways to fill a tube from a syringe?
Puncture the stopper Remove stopper and needle Use direct draw adapter
54
When is capillary puncture used?
``` Paediatric patients Small samples Unsuccessful venipuncture Poor veins Burn victims Obese patients Glucose monitoring Point of care testing ```
55
What is the order of capillary draws?
EDTA Tubes with additives Tubes without additives
56
What types of lancets are there?
Metal- not recommended Automated- recessed blade, automatically retracts
57
What are the different kinds of automated lancets and their uses?
Purple- 1.5mm, low flow Pink- 1.8mm, medium flow Blue- 2.0mm, high flow
58
What are capillary tubes?
Small glass tubes Collect blood via capillary action
59
What are microtainers?
Small, single use tube collection devices
60
What are unopettes?
Make a dilution of the sample for cell counts Sample added to diliuent immediately

MEDL 330 (13 decks)

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