Module 2 - Anzovino Ch 6 - Race & Racialization Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the biological concept of race, and why is it considered a myth?
The biological concept of race categorizes people based on physical traits like skin color, but genetic science has discredited it, showing that race is not biologically valid.
What is racialization?
Racialization is the social construction of race that focuses on differences between groups, often leading to the marginalization and oppression of certain groups.
What is racism, and how does it operate?
Racism is the belief in the inherent superiority of one racialized group over others, operating at individual, systemic, and societal levels to marginalize and oppress.
What are examples of systemic racism?
Systemic racism can be found in criminal justice, policing, education, healthcare, media, immigration, and employment systems.
What challenge do mixed-race individuals often face, according to the author?
Many face identity struggles as they are pushed to identify with one race over another, rather than being accepted as both or neither.
What is representational racism?
Representational racism uses imagery to communicate racial stereotypes, often dehumanizing racialized groups through popular culture and media.
Give examples of representational racism in media and popular culture.
Examples include:
Blackface used historically in theater.
Stereotypical mascots like the Cleveland Indians’ Chief Wahoo.
Racial caricatures in Disney movies like Dumbo and Peter Pan.
What is ideological racism?
Ideological racism reflects and reinforces beliefs in racial superiority or inferiority, often justifying historical practices like colonialism and imperialism.
What is discursive racism?
Discursive racism is communicated through written and spoken words, including racial slurs, hate speech, and discriminatory language.
What is interactional racism?
Interactional racism occurs in social interactions, such as verbal or physical assaults, stereotyping racialized individuals as low-level workers, or avoiding contact with them.
At what levels does racism operate?
Racism operates at the individual level (everyday behavior), institutional level (policies and practices), and societal level (frameworks for racialized thought).
What is individual racism?
Individual racism is expressed through discriminatory attitudes or behaviors based on socially constructed concepts of race, such as offensive jokes, verbal abuse, avoiding contact, and hate crimes.
What is the difference between overt racism and everyday racism?
Overt racism: Explicit and openly discriminatory actions.
Everyday racism: Subtle discriminatory behaviors expressed in social interactions.
What is institutional racism?
Institutional racism is embedded in the policies, practices, and procedures of organizations or systems that create or sustain disadvantages for racialized persons.
Give examples of institutional racism.
Policing practices that disproportionately target racialized communities.
School curricula that marginalize or stereotype Indigenous or racialized people.
What is societal racism?
Societal racism is the overarching framework of values, concepts, and institutions that support and perpetuate discrimination and racial inequality.
Provide examples of societal racism.
Culturally biased assessment tests.
Assuming racialized Canadians were not born in Canada.
Excluding Indigenous contributions from academic fields.
What historical apologies has Canada made for acts of racism?
Halifax’s apology for the destruction of Africville.
Apology for the 1914 Komagata Maru incident.
Apology for the Indian Residential School System.
Apology to Japanese Canadians for WWII internment.
Apology to Inuit families for Arctic relocations.
Apology to Chinese Canadians for the head tax.
How does Canada acknowledge the importance of fighting racism internationally?
By signing treaties like the UN International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
What role does white privilege play in racism?
White privilege creates an invisible system of dominance, allowing those perceived as white to experience fewer challenges to their legitimacy in work, school, and society.
How does white privilege persist in Canadian society?
White people can assume social institutions, political structures, and neighborhoods will work for them if they follow societal rules, reinforcing systemic privilege.
What is “white flight,” and how does it relate to Canada?
“White flight” refers to white residents leaving communities where they become the minority, such as Brampton, where the white population declined as visible minorities increased.
What is colourblindness in the context of racial discourse?
Colourblindness is the claim of being oblivious to race to avoid appearing racist, but it denies the reality and lived experiences of racialized individuals.
Why is colourblindness problematic?
It ignores systemic racism and perpetuates inequality by failing to acknowledge and address racial differences and their consequences.
