Module 5 Flashcards
Who developed the concept of genocide?
Raphael Lemkin
Lemkin was a Polish Jewish legal theorist who first coined the term in 1944.
What year was the term ‘genocide’ first developed?
1944
What was Lemkin’s first draft of the genocide convention in 1947 focused on?
Three specific forms of genocide: physical, biological, and cultural
What aspect of genocide did Lemkin emphasize in his definition?
Cultural genocide
What does cultural genocide refer to according to Lemkin?
Destruction of the spirit and culture of national, racial, or religious groups
What was the final definition of genocide in the UN Convention?
Acts intended to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group
List the five acts classified as genocide in the UN Convention.
- Killing members of the group
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
- Deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births
- Forcibly transferring children to another group
True or False: Cultural genocide is recognized as a crime in international law.
False
What has been incorporated into Canadian law as crimes of genocide?
Only Articles II (a) and II (b) of the UN Convention
Who argued that the term ‘cultural genocide’ waters down the impact of residential schools?
Cree historian Robert Innes
What was the relationship between genocide and the Holocaust after World War II?
Genocide became primarily associated with the Holocaust
What did Innes challenge regarding the historiography of prairie development in the 1880s?
The failure to acknowledge high numbers of Indigenous deaths as genocide
What was Edgar Dewdney’s role regarding Indigenous peoples in the Cypress Hills region?
He was the Indian Commissioner who implemented a starvation policy
What was the estimated population of Indigenous peoples in the Cypress Hills region during the late 1870s?
Between 13,000 and 16,000
What was the result of Dewdney’s starvation policy?
Devastating effect on the First Nations population
What percentage of the Cowessess Band population died due to Dewdney’s starvation policy?
33%
According to Innes, how many deaths might have occurred as a result of the starvation policy?
Between 1,500 and 5,300
What did the Saskatchewan Herald report in 1879?
The hardship experienced by Indigenous families due to starvation
What was the government’s response to the Cowessess Band’s claims regarding deaths from the starvation policy?
The government agreed to include deceased members in the land benefits negotiations
What was the Canadian government’s agenda regarding education for Indigenous peoples in the 1880s?
Aggressive civilization through assimilation
Who was commissioned to study residential industrial schools in the U.S.?
Nicholas Flood Davin
What were the two types of schools established for Indigenous education?
- Boarding schools
- Industrial schools
What was the focus of industrial schools?
Intensive vocational training
Fill in the blank: The government felt that ______ were not effective for assimilating Indigenous children.
Day schools
