Module 2 Flashcards
(68 cards)
What is colonization?
An era of European expansion into overseas territories from the 16th to the mid-20th century and a process where a foreign power dominates and exploits an Indigenous sector.
How does Gerald Taiaiake Alfred define colonialism?
Colonialism is a theoretical framework for understanding the complex relationships between Indigenous peoples and Europeans, involving the development of institutions and policies by European imperial and Euroamerican settler governments.
What acronym can be used to remember the four fundamental aspects of colonization?
ROCA
What does ‘R’ in ROCA stand for?
Racism
What does ‘O’ in ROCA stand for?
Oppression
What does ‘C’ in ROCA stand for?
Cultural genocide
What does ‘A’ in ROCA stand for?
Assimilation
What is the 5 Stage Model of Colonization?
A framework to understand the status of Aboriginal people and their relationship with the State and other Canadians.
What is Stage 1 of the 5 Stage Model?
Steady State
What characterizes Stage 1: Steady State?
- Functional and sustainable societies
- Traditional world views and philosophies
- Healthy family structures
- Common/shared access to resources
What is Stage 2 of the 5 Stage Model?
First Encounter
What key economic activity characterized Stage 2?
The fur trade
What significant impact did foreign diseases have during Stage 2?
Depopulation and demoralization of Indigenous peoples
What is Stage 3 of the 5 Stage Model?
Imposition of Colonial Relations
What are key characteristics of Stage 3?
- Increased colonial presence
- Increased demand for land and resources
- Colonial economy shifts from trade to agriculture
- Aboriginal peoples viewed as obstacles to settlement
What significant legislation was developed during Stage 3?
Indian Act
What is Stage 4 of the 5 Stage Model?
Manifestation of Internalized Colonialism
What is a characteristic of Internalized Colonialism?
Economic marginalization of Aboriginal peoples
What is a notable consequence of colonization seen in Aboriginal societies?
Higher rates of incarceration and addiction issues
What is Stage 5 of the 5 Stage Model?
Decolonization
What does decolonization involve?
A return to traditional values and personal empowerment.
What is Bimaadiziwin?
A cultural tenet of Anishinaabe philosophy meaning the ‘good life’ or ‘worthwhile life.’
What does Bimaadiziwin emphasize?
Maintaining healthy lives and respectful relationships with the environment.
What are the seven ancestral teachings of Anishinaabe philosophy?
- Love
- Honesty
- Respect
- Bravery
- Truth
- Wisdom
- Humility