Module 2 - Biological molecules

Question 1

How are protein molecules formed from Amino Acids

Answer 1

By a dehydration reaction

Question 2

How can amino acids be formed from proteins

Answer 2

Hydrolysis - reaction proteins with water

Question 3

What are the 3 components of s nucleus acid

Answer 3

Phosphate group
Sugar
Base

Question 4

What are the 4 bases in DNA

Answer 4

Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Adenine

Question 5

What are the four bases in RNA

Answer 5

Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine
Uracil

Question 6

What is an amino acid made up of

Answer 6

Amino group
Carbohylic acid
H group
R group

        H       H     O
         |        |      ||
H — N — C — C — OH 
                 | 
                 R

Question 7

What is cohesison

Answer 7

Attraction between 2 molecules of the same type

Question 8

Why is water a good transporter

Answer 8

It is a solvent so substances can dissolve in it

Question 9

Draw a alpha glucose

Answer 9

(See google images)

Question 10

Draw a beta Glucpse molecule

Answer 10

(See google images)

Question 11

Draw a rinks molecule

Answer 11

(See google images)

Question 12

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 12

2 more monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds in a dehydration reaction

Question 13

Why are carbohydrates easily transported

Answer 13

They are soluble

Question 14

What is starch a poly saccharide of

Answer 14

Amylose and Amylopeptin

Question 15

Describe amylose

Answer 15

Unbranched

Good for storage as you can fit more in a small space as it’s coiled

Question 16

Describe amylopeptin

Answer 16

Branched

Allows glucose to be released quickly as there are lots of contact points for enzymes

Question 17

What is cellulose made up of

Answer 17

Beta glucose

Question 18

Where is cellulose mainly found

Answer 18

Cell walls in plants

Question 19

What is glycogen

Answer 19

Main storage material in animals

Question 20

What is glycogen made up of

Answer 20

Branched alpha glucose

Question 21

What is a triglyceride formed from

Answer 21

Fatty acid and glycerol which form an eater bond

Question 22

Why are unsaturated fats better for you than saturated

Answer 22

They are less compact so you can fit less of them in a small space

Question 23

What is a phospholipid

Answer 23

A triglyceride where one fatty acid has been replaced for a phosphate group

Question 24

Are triglycerides soluble?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What is the function of a triglyceride

Answer 25

To store energy

Question 26

Why are triglycerides good at storing energy

Answer 26

Their hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of chemical energy meaning that a lot of energy is released when they are broken down

Question 27

What is a primary structure of a protein

Answer 27

The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 28

What is the secondary structure

Answer 28

When hydrogen bonds form between nearby amino acids and cause the structure to change to alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

Question 29

Name three globular proteins

Answer 29

Haemoglobin
Insulin
Amylase

Question 30

What is amylase

Answer 30

Enzyme which catalyses the break down of starch in the digestive system

Question 31

Name three fibrous proteins

Answer 31

Collagen
Keratin
Elastin

Question 32

What is a conjugated protein

Answer 32

A protein with a non protein group attached

Question 33

What is an example of a conjugated protein

Answer 33

Haemoglobin