Module 2 - Ethical Dilemmas and Decision Making Flashcards
(52 cards)
Who developed the first set of rules?
- Socrates
- Plato
- Aristotle
- Thomas Percival
Thomas Percival (1794)
Suppose I were contemplating stealing a loaf of bread from the neighbourhood grocery store. From a ……………… standpoint, stealing, for example, would be deemed right or wrong depending on the consequences.
- deontological
- teleological
- act-consequentialism
- exceptionist
Teleological - It is the consequences that make actions. Right or wrong.
(consequentialism, outcome-based)
If the lethal injection promoted overall well-being at least as much as any act the doctor could have performed, then it was right, according to ................... A. Relativism B. Idealism C. Utilitarianism D. Subjectivistism
Utilitarianism - In other words, in any situation, an agent acts rightly if she maximizes overall well- being, and wrongly if she does not. The right action that maximises happiness or betterment of society as a whole. Depends on the benefit to the maximum number of people. Preventing harm to a large population is more valuable than saving one person.
An example of ............. is the belief that killing someone is wrong, even if it was in self-defence. The ethical doctrine holds that the worth of an action is determined by its conformity to some binding rule rather than by its consequences. A. Teleology B. Exceptionist C. Subjectivist E. Deontology
Deontology -Process-based, duty/principals
What did Kant argue that the right action is based on:
A. privacy, duty and religion
B. religion, universalism and professional obligation
D. universalism, duty and professional obligations
C. advice, agency and religion
religion, universalism, professional obligation
The professional has a moral obligation to his job before his family is the basics of? A. teleology B. deontology C. conflicts in practice D. enabling competences
deontology
..................... is what makes a thing right or wrong as it has consequences. Perspective is ................, which says what is the best, what promotes good over evil, to maximise the happiness of as many people as possible. Also what the codes are based on. A. deontology, consequentialism B. Idealism consequentialism C. Utilitarianism, consequentialism D. Consequentialism, utilitarianism
Consequentialism, utilitarianism
.................... is based on the likely consequences instead of individual actions A. Deontology B. Comparisons C. Consequentialism E. teleology
consequentialism
What is act-consequentialism?
Requires determining the consequences of each act prior to acting
Kant's says we act so as to never treat another rational being merely as a means is an example of? A. act-consequentialism B. teleology C. deontology D. utilitarisim
Deontology
What is an example of the limits of deontology?
Hiding the Jews in Germany
The comparisons of the Ethics Position Questionnaire found?
That psychologist tends to be less relativistic (critically reflect on multiple perspectives and determine the most suitable answer in a situation)
Who is more influenced by the code than family, religion and peer attitudes, psychologists or physicians?
Psychologists
Who is more likely to endorse a behaviourist value than an objectivist philosophical orientation?
Psychologists or
Psychiatrists
Psychologists
If a person believes that abortion is wrong then IT is wrong for her. What is this an example of
- relativism
- utilitarianism
- virtue
- proprietory
Relativism
Adhering to moral rules of conduct regardless of the consequences is an example of? A. consequentialism B. act-consequentialism C. deontology E. utilitarisim
Dentology
Maximising positive outcomes is an example of? A. teleology B. deontology C. job related actions D. functionality
teleology
Who has high idealism and high relativism? Situationists Absolutists Subjectivists Exceptionists
Situationists - who reject absolute moral rules and feel that good consequences always will be found
Who has high idealism and low relativism? Situationists Absolutists Subjectivists Exceptionists
Absolutists - accept universal moral rules and that good consequences will happen
Who has low idealism and high relativism? Situationists Absolutists Subjectivists Exceptionists
Subjectivists - reject moral absolutes, base judgements on their own personal values and situations
Who has low idealism and low relativism? Situationists Absolutists Subjectivists Exceptionists
Exceptionists - conforming to moral rules best, however, regard exceptions to these rules as okay
The definition of .............. is believing in or pursuing some perfect vision or belief. An example is the belief of people who think they can save the world. The act or practise of envisioning things in an ideal and often impractical form. Relativism Idealism Rights of others Mixed Dilemma
Idealism
Degree of acceptance of moral absolutes. ……………. is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that facts in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.
Relativism
Idealism
Rights of others
Mixed Dilemma
Relativism
What does the Ethics Position Questionaire measure? Virtue and common good approach Relativism and idealism Morality and relativism Relativism and Morality
Relativism and idealism
